Tom 2, Nr 1 (2024)
Artykuł przeglądowy
Opublikowany online: 2023-06-28
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Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Świąd u pacjentów w podeszłym wieku: przegląd piśmiennictwa

Paula Mazan1, Aleksandra Lesiak12, Joanna Narbutt1
Dermatologia w Praktyce Klinicznej 2024;2(1):1-10.

Streszczenie

Świąd jest najczęstszym objawem zgłaszanym przez pacjentów dermatologicznych, również wśród geriatrycznej populacji chorych. Z powodu starzenia się społeczeństwa stanowi on coraz powszechniejszą przyczynę konsultacji lekarskich. Może dotyczyć skóry uprzednio zmienionej, jak i niezmienionej chorobowo, występując jako jedyna manifestacja choroby. Przewlekły świąd trwający powyżej sześciu tygodni ma istotny wpływ na jakość życia chorych, często doprowadzając do zaburzeń snu i zaburzeń depresyjno-lękowych. Wśród mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za występowanie świądu u osób starszych wymienia się dysfunkcję bariery skórno-naskórkowej, związane z wiekiem zmiany zachodzące w układzie immunologicznym oraz ośrodkową i obwodową neuropatię. Za najczęstszą przyczynę świądu u pacjentów geriatrycznych uważa się kserozę. Przewlekły świąd skóry występuje w przebiegu wielu schorzeń dermatologicznych, a także internistycznych, neurologicznych czy zaburzeń natury psychiatrycznej. Leczenie przewlekłego świądu u starszych pacjentów bywa wyzwaniem terapeutycznym z uwagi na choroby współistniejące czy złożoność mechanizmów prowadzących do jego powstania. Każdy chory wymaga indywidualnego i nierzadko multidyscyplinarnego podejścia, uwzględniającego schorzenia współistniejące i polipragmazję. Poza emolientacją skóry, stanowiącą podstawę pielęgnacji, oraz miejscowymi preparatami o działaniu przeciwzapalnym w przypadku zapalnych schorzeń skóry w terapii świądu coraz częściej wykorzystuje się leki biologiczne, a także leki o działaniu przeciwdepresyjnym i przeciwpadaczkowym.

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