Multimedialna platforma wiedzy medycznej Internetowa Księgarnia Medyczna Kalendarium Konferencji
Clinical Diabetology
MENU
Shortcuts Submit an article Author Guidelines Recent articles Ahead Of Print Reviewers 2022

open access

Vol 11, No 5 (2022)
Research paper
Submitted: 2022-02-24
Accepted: 2022-08-13
Published online: 2022-10-19
View PDF Download PDF file View HTML
Get Citation

Foot Care Performance and Foot Self-Care Behaviors in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vahid Shojaeimotlagh1, Vajiheh Baghi2, Pegah Dalvand3, Yen-Fan Chin4, Marzieh Aslani5, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh6
DOI: 10.5603/DK.a2022.0045
·
CD 2022;11(5):309-315.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran, Islamic Republic Of
  2. Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, Islamic Republic Of
  3. Department of Mathematics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Shahrood, Iran, Islamic Republic Of
  4. School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
  5. Department of Nursing, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran, Islamic Republic Of
  6. Clinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Sanandaj, Iran, Islamic Republic Of

open access

Vol 11, No 5 (2022)
Original articles
Submitted: 2022-02-24
Accepted: 2022-08-13
Published online: 2022-10-19

Abstract

Objective: A diabetic foot ulcer is one of the preventable complications of diabetes that can lead to amputation, morbidity, and mortality and increase treatment costs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-care behaviors, demographic-clinical variables and, foot care performance in patients with diabetes. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 191 patients with type 2 diabetes in Asadabad (Hamadan province) in 2021. The demographic-clinical information form, the diabetic foot care performance scale, and the diabetic foot self-care behavior scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression). Data analysis was performed using R software version 4.1.0. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 50.58 ± 11.87 years, and the duration of diabetes was 8.55 ± 9.07 years. There was a significant relationship between foot self-care behavior and age (p = 0.027), primary and secondary education compared to university education (p=0.042), insulin use compared to use of oral agents and insulin (p = 0.014), the logarithm of the duration of diabetes (p = 0.0001), foot care performance (p = 0.010). Conclusions: The status of self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes is unfavorable, and it is necessary to provide the necessary training to these patients to improve self-care and foot care.

Abstract

Objective: A diabetic foot ulcer is one of the preventable complications of diabetes that can lead to amputation, morbidity, and mortality and increase treatment costs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-care behaviors, demographic-clinical variables and, foot care performance in patients with diabetes. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 191 patients with type 2 diabetes in Asadabad (Hamadan province) in 2021. The demographic-clinical information form, the diabetic foot care performance scale, and the diabetic foot self-care behavior scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression). Data analysis was performed using R software version 4.1.0. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 50.58 ± 11.87 years, and the duration of diabetes was 8.55 ± 9.07 years. There was a significant relationship between foot self-care behavior and age (p = 0.027), primary and secondary education compared to university education (p=0.042), insulin use compared to use of oral agents and insulin (p = 0.014), the logarithm of the duration of diabetes (p = 0.0001), foot care performance (p = 0.010). Conclusions: The status of self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes is unfavorable, and it is necessary to provide the necessary training to these patients to improve self-care and foot care.

Full Text:

View PDF Download PDF file View HTML
Get Citation

Keywords

self-care, foot ulcer, diabetes, foot care performance

About this article
Title

Foot Care Performance and Foot Self-Care Behaviors in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal

Clinical Diabetology

Issue

Vol 11, No 5 (2022)

Article type

Research paper

Pages

309-315

Published online

2022-10-19

Page views

6616

Article views/downloads

279

DOI

10.5603/DK.a2022.0045

Bibliographic record

CD 2022;11(5):309-315.

Keywords

self-care
foot ulcer
diabetes
foot care performance

Authors

Vahid Shojaeimotlagh
Vajiheh Baghi
Pegah Dalvand
Yen-Fan Chin
Marzieh Aslani
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh

References (36)
  1. Hanley G, Chiou PY, Liu CY, et al. Foot care knowledge, attitudes and practices among patients with diabetic foot and amputation in St. Kitts and Nevis. Int Wound J. 2020; 17(5): 1142–1152.
    CrossRefPubMed
  2. Abdulghani HM, AlRajeh AS, AlSalman BH, et al. Prevalence of diabetic comorbidities and knowledge and practices of foot care among diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2018; 11: 417–425.
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. Haghdoost A, Rezazadeh Ke, Sadghirad B, et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Islamic Republic of Iran: systematic review and meta-analysis. East Mediterr Health J. 2009; 15(3): 591–599.
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. Ramirez-Perdomo C, Perdomo-Romero A, Rodríguez-Vélez M. Knowledge and practices for the prevention of the diabetic foot. Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2019; 40: e20180161.
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. Sen P, Demirdal T, Emir B. Meta-analysis of risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot infections. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019; 35(7): e3165.
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. Dehkordi AH, Chin YF, Huang TT, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Farsi version of the diabetes foot self-care bahavior scale. J Foot Ankle Res. 2020; 13(1): 68.
    CrossRefPubMed
  7. Sobhani S, Asayesh H, Sharifi F, et al. Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014; 13(1): 97.
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. Al-Hariri MT, Al-Enazi AS, Alshammari DM, et al. Descriptive study on the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the diabetic foot. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2017; 12(6): 492–496.
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. Chiwanga FS, Njelekela MA. Diabetic foot: prevalence, knowledge, and foot self-care practices among diabetic patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - a cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2015; 8: 20.
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. Morey-Vargas OL, Smith SA. BE SMART: strategies for foot care and prevention of foot complications in patients with diabetes. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2015; 39(1): 48–60.
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. Canavan RJ, Unwin NC, Kelly WF, et al. Diabetes- and nondiabetes-related lower extremity amputation incidence before and after the introduction of better organized diabetes foot care: continuous longitudinal monitoring using a standard method. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(3): 459–463.
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. Ebadi A, Ausili D, Albatineh AN, et al. Psychometric Evaluation of the Farsi Version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory in Iranian Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019; 12: 2775–2784.
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. Weledegebriel M, Mulugeta A, Hailu A. Evaluation of Self-Care Practice and Its Associated Factors in Adult Diabetic Patients, Ayder Diabetic Clinic, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021; 14: 2239–2245.
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, et al. International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: A Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, based on the IWGDF guidance documents. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017; 124: 84–92.
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. Bonner T, Foster M, Spears-Lanoix E. Type 2 diabetes-related foot care knowledge and foot self-care practice interventions in the United States: a systematic review of the literature. Diabet Foot Ankle. 2016; 7: 29758.
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. Presidency of the I.R.I Plan and Budget Organization, Statistical Center of Iran. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/english.
  17. Dundar C, Akinci G. Knowledge and Practice of Foot Care in Diabetic Inpatients: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi/Erciyes Medical Journal. 2017; 39(4): 160–164.
    CrossRef
  18. Chin YF, Huang TT. Development and validation of a diabetes foot self-care behavior scale. J Nurs Res. 2013; 21(1): 19–25.
    CrossRefPubMed
  19. Li R, Yuan Li, Guo XH, et al. The current status of foot self-care knowledge, behaviours, and analysis of influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2014; 1(3): 266–271.
    CrossRef
  20. Sharoni SA, Razi MM, Rashid NA, et al. Self-efficacy of foot care behaviour of elderly patients with diabetes. Malays Fam Physician. 2017; 12(2): 2–8.
    PubMed
  21. Chen X, Orom H, Hay JL, et al. Differences in Rural and Urban Health Information Access and Use. J Rural Health. 2019; 35(3): 405–417.
    CrossRefPubMed
  22. Jayasinghe S, Atukorala I, Gunethilleke B, et al. Is walking barefoot a risk factor for diabetic foot disease in developing countries? Rural and Remote Health. 2007; 7: 692.
    CrossRef
  23. Baba M, Duff J, Foley L, et al. A comparison of two methods of foot health education: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Prim Care Diabetes. 2015; 9(2): 155–162.
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. Bakker K, Apelqvist J, Schaper NC, et al. International Working Group on Diabetic Foot Editorial Board. Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot 2011. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012; 28 Suppl 1: 225–231.
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. Muhammad-Lutfi AR, Zaraihah MR, Anuar-Ramdhan IM. Knowledge and Practice of Diabetic Foot Care in an In- Patient Setting at a Tertiary Medical Center. Malays Orthop J. 2014; 8(3): 22–26.
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. Bell RA, Arcury TA, Snively BM, et al. Diabetes foot self-care practices in a rural triethnic population. Diabetes Educ. 2005; 31(1): 75–83.
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. van Netten JJ, Lazzarini PA, Armstrong DG, et al. Diabetic Foot Australia guideline on footwear for people with diabetes. J Foot Ankle Res. 2018; 11: 2.
    CrossRefPubMed
  28. Miikkola M, Lantta T, Suhonen R, et al. Challenges of foot self-care in older people: a qualitative focus-group study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2019; 12: 5.
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. Desalu OO, Salawu FK, Jimoh AK, et al. Diabetic foot care: self reported knowledge and practice among patients attending three tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Ghana Med J. 2011; 45(2): 60–65.
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. Abu-Qamar MZ. Knowledge and practice of foot self-care among Jordanians with diabetes: an interview-based survey study. J Wound Care. 2014; 23(5): 247–50, 252.
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. Ahmed SA, Badi S, Tahir H, et al. Knowledge and practice of diabetic foot care in Sudan: A cross sectional survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019; 13(4): 2431–2435.
    CrossRefPubMed
  32. Al Sayah F, Soprovich A, Qiu W, et al. Diabetic Foot Disease, Self-Care and Clinical Monitoring in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The Alberta's Caring for Diabetes (ABCD) Cohort Study. Can J Diabetes. 2015; 39 Suppl 3: S120–S126.
    CrossRefPubMed
  33. Dalstra JAA, Kunst AE, Mackenbach JP, et al. EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health. A comparative appraisal of the relationship of education, income and housing tenure with less than good health among the elderly in Europe. Soc Sci Med. 2006; 62(8): 2046–2060.
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. Yuan F, Qian D, Huang C, et al. Analysis of awareness of health knowledge among rural residents in Western China. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15: 55.
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. Alsaleh FM, AlBassam KS, Alsairafi ZK, et al. Knowledge and practice of foot self-care among patients with diabetes attending primary healthcare centres in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J. 2021; 29(6): 506–515.
    CrossRefPubMed
  36. Magbanua E, Lim-Alba R. Knowledge and Practice of Diabetic Foot Care in Patients with Diabetes at Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2017; 32(2): 123–131.
    CrossRefPubMed

Regulations

Important: This website uses cookies. More >>

The cookies allow us to identify your computer and find out details about your last visit. They remembering whether you've visited the site before, so that you remain logged in - or to help us work out how many new website visitors we get each month. Most internet browsers accept cookies automatically, but you can change the settings of your browser to erase cookies or prevent automatic acceptance if you prefer.

 

Wydawcą serwisu jest  "Via Medica sp. z o.o." sp.k., ul. Świętokrzyska 73, 80–180 Gdańsk

tel.:+48 58 320 94 94, faks:+48 58 320 94 60, e-mail:  viamedica@viamedica.pl