Vol 10, No 3 (2021)
Research paper
Published online: 2021-02-16

open access

Page views 653
Article views/downloads 447
Get Citation

Connect on Social Media

Connect on Social Media

Effects of a six-week endurance weight training program on bioelectrical activity of muscles and functional tests in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Seyed Ahmad Bagherian1, Farid Bahrpeyma1, Samira Shahrjerdi1, Benyamin Shabani1
Clin Diabetol 2021;10(3):245-251.

Abstract

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is
a common metabolic disease associated with pathophysiological
changes in the neuromuscular system.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects
of a 6-week endurance training program on muscle
strength, electrophysiological parameters, and functional
activities in T2DM patients.

Methods. The study period was divided into 6 weeks
without training and 6 weeks with training. Twelve
T2DM patients participated in this study. During the
training period, the same T2DM patients went through
an endurance training program. The assessment process
included measurement of muscle strength, surface
electromyography (SEMG) recording, and functional
tests. Twelve healthy individuals were evaluated to
compare their data with the T2DM patients.

Results. The results showed that the muscle strength
and the amplitudes of the SEMG signals of T2DM patients
were lower than those of the healthy subjects.
The bioelectric activity of T2DM patients increased
after six weeks of the endurance training program. The
functional tests showed significant improvement after
the endurance training program in T2DM patients,
while no significant difference was observed between
the T2DM and healthy subjects.

Conclusions. The short-term endurance-training program
for lower limb muscles increased muscle strength
and SEMG amplitudes of the knee extensor and flexor
muscles and improved functional tests in T2DM patients,
which may be attributed to neural adaptation
after the endurance-training program.

Article available in PDF format

View PDF Download PDF file

References

  1. Bianchi L, Volpato S. Muscle dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: a major threat to patient's mobility and independence. Acta Diabetol. 2016; 53(6): 879–889.
  2. Phielix E, Mensink M. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and skeletal muscle metabolic function. Physiol Behav. 2008; 94(2): 252–258.
  3. Orlando G, Balducci S, Bazzucchi I, et al. Neuromuscular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: underlying mechanisms and effect of resistance training. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016; 32(1): 40–50.
  4. Contessa P, De Luca CJ. Neural control of muscle force: indications from a simulation model. J Neurophysiol. 2013; 109(6): 1548–1570.
  5. Merlo A, Campanini I. Technical aspects of surface electromyography for clinicians. The Open Rehabilitation Journal. 2010; 3(1): 98–109.
  6. Botton CE, Umpierre D, Rech A, et al. Effects of resistance training on neuromuscular parameters in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol. 2018; 113: 141–149.
  7. Bazzucchi I, De Vito G, Felici F, et al. Effect of exercise training on neuromuscular function of elbow flexors and knee extensors of type 2 diabetic patients. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015; 25(5): 815–823.
  8. Folland JP, Williams AG. The adaptations to strength training : morphological and neurological contributions to increased strength. Sports Med. 2007; 37(2): 145–168.
  9. Preiser JC, Provenzano B, Mongkolpun W, et al. Perioperative management of oral glucose-lowering drugs in the patient with type 2 diabetes. Anesthesiology. 2020; 133(2): 430–438.
  10. Kervio G, Carre F, Ville NS. Reliability and intensity of the six-minute walk test in healthy elderly subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35(1): 169–174.
  11. Bohannon RW. Reference values for the timed up and go test: a descriptive meta-analysis. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2006; 29(2): 64–68.
  12. Andersen H, Nielsen S, Mogensen CE, et al. Muscle strength in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004; 53(6): 1543–1548.
  13. IJzerman TH, Schaper NC, Melai T, et al. Lower extremity muscle strength is reduced in people with type 2 diabetes, with and without polyneuropathy, and is associated with impaired mobility and reduced quality of life. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012; 95(3): 345–351.
  14. Almurdhi MM, Reeves ND, Bowling FL, et al. Reduced lower-limb muscle strength and volume in patients with type 2 diabetes in relation to neuropathy, intramuscular fat, and vitamin d levels. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39(3): 441–447.
  15. Hatef B, Bahrpeyma F, Mohajeri Tehrani MR. The comparison of muscle strength and short-term endurance in the different periods of type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014; 13(1): 22.
  16. Luera MJ, Stock MS, Chappell ADW. Electromyographic amplitude vs. concentric and eccentric squat force relationships for monoarticular and biarticular thigh muscles. J Strength Cond Res. 2014; 28(2): 328–338.
  17. Askary-Ashtiani A, Ghanjal A, Motaqi M, et al. The isokinetic and electromyographic assessment of knee muscles strength in the short- and long-term type 2 diabetes. Asian J Sports Med. 2016; 7(4): e37008.
  18. Shahrjerdi S, Bahrpeyma F, Savelberg HH, et al. Effect of a 6-week strength-training program on neuromuscular efficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetol Int. 2020; 11(4): 376–382.
  19. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010; 42(12): 2282–2303.
  20. Lee J, Kim D, Kim C. Resistance training for glycemic control, muscular strength, and lean body mass in old type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2017; 8(3): 459–473.
  21. Hovanec N, Sawant A, Overend TJ, et al. Resistance training and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: strength of the evidence. J Aging Res. 2012; 2012: 284635.
  22. Herriott MT, Colberg SR, Parson HK, et al. Effects of 8 weeks of flexibility and resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(12): 2988–2989.
  23. Egger A, Niederseer D, Diem G, et al. Different types of resistance training in type 2 diabetes mellitus: effects on glycaemic control, muscle mass and strength. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013; 20(6): 1051–1060.
  24. Hovanec N, Sawant A, Overend TJ, et al. Resistance training and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: strength of the evidence. J Aging Res. 2012; 2012: 284635.
  25. Gordon PL, Vannier E, Hamada K, et al. Resistance training alters cytokine gene expression in skeletal muscle of adults with type 2 diabetes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2006; 19(4): 739–749.
  26. Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Pinto SS, et al. Effects of strength, endurance, and concurrent training on aerobic power and dynamic neuromuscular economy in elderly men. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25(3): 758–766.
  27. Volpato S, Bianchi L, Lauretani F, et al. Role of muscle mass and muscle quality in the association between diabetes and gait speed. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(8): 1672–1679.
  28. Kono K, Nishida Y, Moriyama Y, et al. Investigation of factors affecting the six-minute walk test results in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2014; 18(6): 623–627.
  29. Frier B, Yang P, Taylor A. Diabetes, aging and physical activity. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. 2006; 3(2): 63–73.
  30. van Sloten TT, Savelberg HH, Duimel-Peeters IGP, et al. Peripheral neuropathy, decreased muscle strength and obesity are strongly associated with walking in persons with type 2 diabetes without manifest mobility limitations. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011; 91(1): 32–39.
  31. Hulens M, Vansant G, Claessens AL, et al. Predictors of 6-minute walk test results in lean, obese and morbidly obese women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003; 13(2): 98–105.
  32. Barry E, Galvin R, Keogh C, et al. Is the timed up and go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2014; 14: 14.
  33. Mueller MJ, Tuttle LJ, Lemaster JW, et al. Weight-bearing versus nonweight-bearing exercise for persons with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94(5): 829–838.
  34. Hwang S, Woo Y. Fall prevention strategies in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or over with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 2018; 7(4): 197–203.