Maternal circulating status of vitamin D, adiponectin and lipid ratios in gestational diabetes mellitus
, 2
Abstract
Background. The present research was an attempt to assess maternal serum values of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], adiponectin and the lipid ratios and comparison of their associations with insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. It was conducted on 100 participants including 49 women with GDM and 51 normal pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Maternal fasting serum values of glucose, 25(OH)D3, lipid profile, adiponectin and insulin were assessed and the lipid ratios and biomarkers of resistance and sensitivity to insulin were calculated. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. Current research revealed that levels of 25(OH) D3 were significantly lower in GDM than in normal pregnancy. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that GDM was associated negatively with 25(OH)D3, HDL-C and adiponectin and positively with the lipid ratios. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only values of 25(OH)D3 were independently associated negatively with the insulin resistance (P = 0.012). Conclusions. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly decreased in GDM compared with normal pregnancy. On the other hand, 25(OH)D3 had a significant negative correlation with insulin resistance which was stronger than the lipid ratios and adiponectin.
Keywords: vitamin Dgestational diabetesadiponectininsulin resistance
References
- Korkmazer E, Solak N. Correlation between inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015; 35(2): 142–145.
- Zhang MX, Pan GT, Guo JF, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2015; 7(10): 8366–8375.
- Rutkowska J, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E, Wiatr-Bykowska D, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Clinical Diabetology. 2016; 5(2): 57–61.
- Rizzo G, Garzon S, Fichera M, et al. Vitamin D and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Link? Antioxidants (Basel). 2019; 8(11).
- Mozos I, Marginean O. Links between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 109275.
- Maghbooli Z, Hossein-Nezhad A, Karimi F, et al. Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008; 24(1): 27–32.
- Wang Ou, Nie M, Hu YY, et al. Association between vitamin D insufficiency and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant Chinese women. Biomed Environ Sci. 2012; 25(4): 399–406.
- El Lithy A, Abdella RM, El-Faissal YM, et al. The relationship between low maternal serum vitamin D levels and glycemic control in gestational diabetes assessed by HbA1c levels: an observational cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014; 14: 362.
- Mutlu N, Esra H, Begum A, et al. Relation of maternal vitamin D status with gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcome. Afr Health Sci. 2015; 15(2): 523–531.
- Badfar G, Shohani M, Mansouri A, et al. Vitamin D status in Iranian pregnant women and newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 12(5): 379–389.
- American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37 Suppl 1: S81–S90.
- Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972; 18(6): 499–502.
- Zhang L, Chen S, Deng A, et al. Association between lipid ratios and insulin resistance in a Chinese population. PLoS One. 2015; 10(1): e0116110.
- Takhshid MA, Haem Z, Aboualizadeh F. The association of circulating adiponectin and + 45 T/G polymorphism of adiponectin gene with gestational diabetes mellitus in Iranian population. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2015; 14: 30.
- Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, et al. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000; 85(7): 2402–2410.
- McManus R, Summers K, de Vrijer B, et al. Maternal, umbilical arterial and umbilical venous 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adipocytokine concentrations in pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014; 80(5): 635–641.
- Pleskačová A, Bartáková V, Pácal L, et al. Vitamin D Status in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Pregnancy and Postpartum. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 260624.
- Kardas F, Kendirci M, Kurtoglu S. Cardiometabolic risk factors related to vitamin d and adiponectin in obese children and adolescents. Int J Endocrinol. 2013; 2013: 503270.
- Frühbeck G, Catalán V, Rodríguez A, et al. Involvement of the leptin-adiponectin axis in inflammation and oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1): 6619.
- Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Athanassiou P, Gkountouvas A, et al. Vitamin D and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus type 2. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 4(4): 122–128.
- Khosrowbeygi A, Ahmadvand H. Leptin to adiponectin ratio in preeclampsia. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2013; 39(1): 18–21.
- Ren Y, Li Y, Yan J, et al. Adiponectin modulates oxidative stress-induced mitophagy and protects C2C12 myoblasts against apoptosis. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1): 3209.
- Iimura Y, Matsuura M, Yao Z, et al. Lack of predictive power of plasma lipids or lipoproteins for gestational diabetes mellitus in Japanese women. J Diabetes Investig. 2015; 6(6): 640–646.
- Wang D, Xu S, Chen H, et al. The associations between triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios and the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus and large-for-gestational-age infant. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015; 83(4): 490–497.
- Li G, Kong L, Zhang Li, et al. Early Pregnancy Maternal Lipid Profiles and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Stratified for Body Mass Index. Reprod Sci. 2015; 22(6): 712–717.
- Liang Zx, Wu Y, Zhu Xy, et al. Insulin resistance and lipid profile during an oral glucose tolerance test in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016; 36(3): 337–339.
- Hu L, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Maternal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: a Meta-Analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018; 45(1): 291–300.
- Barchetta I, De Bernardinis M, Capoccia D, et al. Hypovitaminosis D is independently associated with metabolic syndrome in obese patients. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7): e68689.