Association of food choices during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus
Abstract
Introduction. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is continuously increasing worldwide. Nutritional factors are considered to play important role in GDM development. The aim of this pilot study was to assess a relationship between frequency of consuming particular foods and GDM. Also pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during gestation, maternal age, pregnancy week at the time of delivery, newborn birthweight, family history of diabetes, educational status and place of residence were included into analysis.
Material and methods. Study group consisted of 25 women who developed GDM, while control group consisted of 25 age-matched women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) during gestation. All study participants completed the food frequency questionnaire with additional socio-demographic, anthropometric and pregnancy course data.
Results. Women with GDM significantly more frequent consumed white bread, white rice, sausages/frankfurters and fast-foods, while they significantly less frequent consumed wholegrain bread, milk, sour dairy products, fruit and vegetables. They had also higher pre-pregnancy BMI, greater weight gain during pregnancy, and their newborns had higher birthweight.
Conclusions. Results of our study indicate a crucial role of food choices during pregnancy in GDM development. It also indicate the need for professional dietary advice from the very beginning of gestation or even before conception, and during the entire pregnancy.
Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitusbody mass indexfooddietary habitspregnancy
References
- Zhu Y, Zhang C. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Risk of Progression to Type 2 Diabetes: a Global Perspective. Curr Diab Rep. 2016; 16(1): 7.
- Farrar D. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Int J Womens Health. 2016; 8: 519–527.
- Wendland EM, Torloni MR, Falavigna M, et al. Gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes--a systematic review of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012; 12: 23.
- Waters TP, Dyer AR, Scholtens DM, et al. HAPO Cooperative Study Research Group. Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity for Women Who Would Be Added to the Diagnosis of GDM Using IADPSG Criteria: A Secondary Analysis of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39(12): 2204–2210.
- World Health Organization. Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy. WHO Press. World Health Organization. 20 Avenue Appia Geneva, 2013.
- Wilczyński J. Dziatosz K. Cukrzyca ciążowa – ryzyko dla matki i jej dziecka (Gestational diabetes mellitus – a risk for a mother and her baby). Perinatol Neonatol Ginekol. 2009; 2: 85–89.
- Damm P, Houshmand-Oeregaard A, Kelstrup L, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term consequences for mother and offspring: a view from Denmark. Diabetologia. 2016; 59(7): 1396–1399.
- Zhang C, Rawal S, Chong YS. Risk factors for gestational diabetes: is prevention possible? Diabetologia. 2016; 59(7): 1385–1390.
- Donazar-Ezcurra M, López-Del Burgo C, Bes-Rastrollo M. Primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus through nutritional factors: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017; 17(1): 30.
- Izadi V, Tehrani H, Haghighatdoost F, et al. Adherence to the DASH and Mediterranean diets is associated with decreased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrition. 2016; 32(10): 1092–1096.
- Diabetes Poland. 2017 Guidelines on the management of diabetic patients. A position of Diabetes Poland. Clin Diabetology. 2017; 6(Suppl. A).
- [Actualisation of Polish Gyneacological Society standards of medical care in management of women with diabetes]. Ginekol Pol. 2014; 85(6): 476–478.
- Schoenaker DA, Mishra GD, Callaway LK, et al. The Role of Energy, Nutrients, Foods, and Dietary Patterns in the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39(1): 16–23.
- Zhang C, Liu S, Solomon CG, et al. Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic load, and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29(10): 2223–2230.
- Zhang C, Schulze MB, Solomon CG, et al. A prospective study of dietary patterns, meat intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2006; 49(11): 2604–2613.
- Donazar-Ezcurra M, Lopez-Del Burgo C, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, et al. Soft drink consumption and gestational diabetes risk in the SUN project. Clin Nutr. 2017 [Epub ahead of print].
- Huang WQ, Lu Y, Xu M, et al. Excessive fruit consumption during the second trimester is associated with increased likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 43620.