INTRODUCTION. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the incidence of impaired carbohydrate metabolism in the group of subjects with risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
MATERIAL AND METHODS. We studied 330 subjects and 201 of them were required to further investigations. This group consisted of 125 females (62%) and 76 males (38%) (mean age 58.5 ± 12.45 years, BMI 35.5 ± 4.59 kg/m2) who felt healthy but had risk factors of DM.
The study was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology in cooperation with 4 general practitioners. In the first phase of the study subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire in order to identify risk factors of DM. Capillary blood glucose was estimated by use of a glucometer. Subjects with incidental blood glucose above 6.1 mmol/l progressed to the second phase of the study - an estimation of FPG and, if required, OGTT.
RESULTS. In 70 of 201 examined subjects (35%) we found: in 12 impaired fasting glucose (IFG), in 28 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), in 30 DM. Subjects with IFG, IGT, DM were different from subjects without impaired carbohydrate metabolism in relation to: age (64.8 ± 10.2 vs. 57.0 ± 12.7 years - p < 0.001), BMI (30.1 ± 4.8 vs. 27.4 ± 4.2 kg/m² -
p < 0.001), number of risk factors (3.8 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.5 - p < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (144.1 ± 22.3 vs. 135.5 ± 20 mm Hg - p < 0.01). There was higher incidence of risk factors in the group with impaired carbohydrate metabolism in comparision to the group without abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism: age ≥ 45 years - 98.6% vs. 86.2%, BMI > 25 kg/m² - 84.2% vs. 68.7%, arterial hypertension - 68.6% vs. 48%, dyslipidemia - 57.8% vs. 50%, the history of IGT 8.9% vs. 7.1%, the history of cardiovascular incident 18.8% vs. 14.8%.
CONCLUSIONS. Subjects with impaired carbohydrate metabolism were older, had higher weight and more risk factors of DM in comparision to subjects without abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism. The most frequent risk factors of DM in the examined group were, apart from age, excessive body mass, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia.