Osteoporosis in diabetes mellitus - a risk factor for fractures

Abstract

It is of major clinical importance to establish diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities in Poland to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Diabetes mellitus has been included in the multidisciplinary management guidelines to prevent bone fractures. Osteoporosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus is frequently the first symptom of bone density disorders which aggravate with age. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is the leading risk factor. In type 2 diabetes mellitus the etiology of osteoporosis is complex and related to protective factors such as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism, and resorption such as hypercortisolemia in obesity. In both types of diabetes fracture rate is increased due to uncontrolled diabetes, complications, slow bone turnover and altered bone architecture. Diabetic patients should undergo screening using heel bone ultrasound (Achilles device) because of associated peripheral neuropathy and local osteoporosis.