Vol 10, No 5 (2009): Practical Diabetology
Review article
Published online: 2010-01-07
Algorithms of treatment in the diabetic neuropathy
Diabetologia Praktyczna 2009;10(5):186-195.
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a serious chronic complication
of diabetes. It is responsible for the occurrence
of severe neuropathic pain that significantly worsens
the patient’s quality of life. It is also a proven
risk factor for development of diabetic foot syndrome
or sudden death. Pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy
combines two factors: metabolic and microvascular.
Diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy is based
on clinical symptoms and signs, nerve conduction
studies and autonomic function tests. Other
possible mechanisms of impairment of the peripheral
nervous system should be considered, but in typical
cases further diagnosis is not necessary. Prevention
and pathogenetic treatment consists of optimalisation
of glucose control with special avoidance
of hypoglycemia in conjunction with treatment
of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Treatment
aimed at pathogenetic factors consists of alpha
lipoic acid, benfothiamine and ACE inhibitors. Symptomatic
treatment is useful when clinical symptoms
significantly decrease the patient’s quality of life.
Treatment of neuropathic pain includes antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioid-like and opioid analgetics,
topical creams and physiotherapy. The goal
of autonomic disorder management is to control
tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, gastroparesis,
diarrhoea and constipation, urine retention, erectile
impotence and sweating disorders.
Keywords: diabetic neuropathydiagnosistreatment