Modern trends of treating diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes is a systemic disease that damages and subsequently causes failure of many organs. With morbidity constantly increasing, United Nations have declaredit the “epidemic of the XXI century”. Despite many available treatment options, avoiding complications is usually not possible. Discovering the molecular mechanisms of diabetes may be essential to the development of better medications. By using genetic engineering, scientists might be able to influence the expression of various genes, such as PAX4, and thus improve the differentiation of deficient β cells in diabetes. Other recent discoveries include: betatrophin — a substance that stimulates the proliferation of β cells; protectin DX that regulates carbohydrate metabolism and finally β cell transplantation. Diabetes might also be treated by using SGLT2 inhibitors to decrease the resorption of glucose in kidney’s tubules. The goal of this dissertation is to show case the potential methods of treating diabetes. Original articles and reviews have been used to present the new developments and directions of studies.