Metformin and AMP-activated protein kinase and energetic processes

Abstract

Metformin is one of the antihyperglycemic agents of wide pleiotropic properties most often used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. For many years the exact mechanism of metformin action was not explained but recent studies indicated that the drug’s it is being mediated through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This enzyme is taking part in many metabolic processes including glucose, protein and lipid metabolism and is thought to be master of energy homeostasis. Metformin effectiveness in hyperglycaemia reduction depends on its daily dosage which should be at least 2000 mg in order to obtain optimal effect but it must be remembered that in each case it ought to be individualized.