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An unusual cause of renovascular hypertension in a pediatric patient with chronic kidney disease
, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1
Affiliations- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Student Scientific Group at the Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Background: Renovascular hypertension (RVH) accounts for 5–10% of arterial hypertension in children and is most commonly caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. Sporadically, renal artery stenosis in pediatric patients is caused by extrinsic compressive masses.
Case report: A 12-year-old patient with complex urinary tract defect (dysplastic left kidney — nephrectomy at 11 months, right ectopic kidney in the midline, behind the urinary bladder), chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2, and arterial hypertension was admitted to the hospital due to worsening of kidney function during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) therapy. CT angiography revealed a right ectopic kidney located above the bladder, supplied by a single renal artery originating from the right common iliac artery. The renal artery had a tortuous shape with width in the ostium approx. 4.5 mm; then, the artery was bent and ran between the common iliac artery and the kidney. Ultrasound performed with a filled bladder showed bending and stenosis of the renal artery at the origin from the right common iliac — peak systolic velocity (PSV) 4.5–5.5 m/s and renal-aortic ratio (RAR) 3.1. With an empty bladder, no bending or stenosis was visible (PSV 1.7–1.9 m/s and RAR 1.0). Uroflowmetry revealed a dysfunctional micturition curve, large bladder capacity, and post-void urine retention. ACE-I was changed to beta-blocker and doxazosin, which led to blood pressure and kidney function normalization.
Conclusions: Renal ectopia associated with bladder dysfunction may result in renal artery stenosis causing renovascular hypertension.
Abstract
Background: Renovascular hypertension (RVH) accounts for 5–10% of arterial hypertension in children and is most commonly caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. Sporadically, renal artery stenosis in pediatric patients is caused by extrinsic compressive masses.
Case report: A 12-year-old patient with complex urinary tract defect (dysplastic left kidney — nephrectomy at 11 months, right ectopic kidney in the midline, behind the urinary bladder), chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2, and arterial hypertension was admitted to the hospital due to worsening of kidney function during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) therapy. CT angiography revealed a right ectopic kidney located above the bladder, supplied by a single renal artery originating from the right common iliac artery. The renal artery had a tortuous shape with width in the ostium approx. 4.5 mm; then, the artery was bent and ran between the common iliac artery and the kidney. Ultrasound performed with a filled bladder showed bending and stenosis of the renal artery at the origin from the right common iliac — peak systolic velocity (PSV) 4.5–5.5 m/s and renal-aortic ratio (RAR) 3.1. With an empty bladder, no bending or stenosis was visible (PSV 1.7–1.9 m/s and RAR 1.0). Uroflowmetry revealed a dysfunctional micturition curve, large bladder capacity, and post-void urine retention. ACE-I was changed to beta-blocker and doxazosin, which led to blood pressure and kidney function normalization.
Conclusions: Renal ectopia associated with bladder dysfunction may result in renal artery stenosis causing renovascular hypertension.
Keywords
renovascular hypertension; renal ectopia; chronic kidney disease; bladder dysfunction; adolescent
About this articleTitle
An unusual cause of renovascular hypertension in a pediatric patient with chronic kidney disease
Journal
Issue
Article type
Case report
Pages
92-97
Published online
2022-05-06
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4505
Article views/downloads
527
DOI
Bibliographic record
Arterial Hypertension 2022;26(2):92-97.
Keywords
renovascular hypertension
renal ectopia
chronic kidney disease
bladder dysfunction
adolescent
Authors
Piotr Skrzypczyk
Katarzyna Kanclerz
Aleksandra Ostrowska
Beata Leszczyńska
Przemysław Bombiński
Michał Brzewski
Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
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