Correct and incorrect knowledge of the risk factors concerning the development of arterial hypertension. Part 2. Population of patients with identified arterial hypertension
Abstract
Introduction. Hypertension (HT) and its complications significantly shorten the life expectancy in the world population. In addition to pharmacotherapy, life-style changes play a key role in treatment, which requires appropriate knowledge among patients.
Material and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 613 adults with HT. After obtaining sociodemographic data, performing anthropometric measurements, measuring resting blood pressure twice, the knowledge was assessed using a personally conducted questionnaire. The questions evaluated the effects of smoking, alcohol, coffee, salt, fat, irregular diet, low fibre and vegetable intake, as well as skimmed dairy products in diet, overweight and obesity, cholesterol, physical activity and stressful lifestyle on the development of HT.
Results. False knowledge of the influence on the development of HT in the case of alcohol drinking was found in 16% of the respondents, coffee — 56.4%, large amounts of salt — 7.2%, large amounts of fats — 88%, small amounts of fibre and vegetables and skimmed dairy products — 27.8%, irregular diet — 46.4%, cigarette smoking — 73.4%, overweight and obesity — 4.4%, high cholesterol — 86.9%, low physical activity — 11.2% %, stressful lifestyle — 5.4%.
Conclusions. Incorrect knowledge of HT risk factors was most likely to be associated with excessive intake of fat, elevated cholesterol, smoking and coffee drinking. There were no common features of the people who answered the questions incorrectly. The results show the need to educate HT patients about the factors that aggravate this disease.
Keywords: hypertensionrisk factorsknowledge
References
- Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005; 365(9455): 217–223.
- Zdrojewski Ł, Zdrojewski T, Rutkowski M, et al. Prevalence and control of cardiovascular risk factors in Poland. Assumptions and objectives of the NATPOL 2011 Survey. Kardiol Pol. 2013; 71(4): 381–392.
- Lalonde M. A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians, a working document. : 1974.
- Puddey IB, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R. Regular alcohol use raises blood pressure in treated hypertensive subjects. A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1987; 1(8534): 647–651.
- Dickinson HO, Mason JM, Nicolson DJ, et al. Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2006; 24(2): 215–233.
- Rupp H, Brilla CG, Maisch B. [Hypertension and alcohol: central and peripheral mechanisms]. Herz. 1996; 21(4): 258–264.
- Reisin E. Sodium and obesity in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1990; 3(2): 164–167.
- Wofford MR, Hall JE. Pathophysiology and treatment of obesity hypertension. Curr Pharm Des. 2004; 10(29): 3621–3637.
- Neter JE, Stam BE, Kok FJ, et al. Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2003; 42(5): 878–884.
- Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH. Effects of endurance training on blood pressure, blood pressure-regulating mechanisms, and cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension. 2005; 46(4): 667–675.
- Szczepańska-Sadowska E. Sikora M. Patofizjologia nadciśnienia tętniczego. Więcek A. Januszewicz A. Szczepańska-Sadowska E Prejbisz A. Hipertensjologia, patogeneza, diagnostyka i leczenie nadciśnienia tętniczego. Medycyna Praktyczna, Kraków. 2011; 2: 23–175.
- Pickering TG. Mental stress as a causal factor in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2001; 3(3): 249–254.
- Omvik P. How smoking affects blood pressure. Blood Pressure. 2009; 5(2): 71–77.
- James JE. Critical review of dietary caffeine and blood pressure: a relationship that should be taken more seriously. Psychosom Med. 2004; 66(1): 63–71.
- Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, et al. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994; 309(6959): 901–911.
- Primatesta P, Falaschetti E, Gupta S, et al. Association between smoking and blood pressure: evidence from the health survey for England. Hypertension. 2001; 37(2): 187–193.
- Steffen M, Kuhle C, Hensrud D, et al. The effect of coffee consumption on blood pressure and the development of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2012; 30(12): 2245–2254.
- Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336(16): 1117–1124.
- Conlin PR, Chow D, Miller ER, et al. The effect of dietary patterns on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients: results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial. Am J Hypertens. 2000; 13(9): 949–955.
- Allison MA, Aragaki AK, Ray RM, et al. A Randomized Trial of a Low-Fat Diet Intervention on Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Tertiary Analysis of the WHI Dietary Modification Trial. Am J Hypertens. 2016; 29(8): 959–968.
- Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, et al. Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366(20): 1891–1904.
- Gać P, Poręba R, Poręba M, et al. Znajomość przyczyn nadciśnienia tętniczego i skutków jego nieleczenia w losowej grupie studentów wybranych miast Polski. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze. 2013; 17(5): 377–383.
- Bronkowska M, Martynowicz H, Żmich K, et al. Wybrane elementy stylu życia oraz wiedza żywieniowa otyłych osób z rozpoznanym nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze. 2009; 13(4): 266–274.
- Georgiopoulou VV, Kalogeropoulos AP, Raggi P, et al. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertensive heart disease. Cardiol Clin. 2010; 28(4): 675–691.
- Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, et al. Wytyczne ESC dotyczące rozpoznawania i leczenia chorób aorty w 2014 roku. Kardiologia Polska. 2014; 72(12): 1169–1252.
- Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, et al. Wytyczne ESC dotyczące postępowania w stabilnej chorobie wieńcowej w 2013 roku. Kard Pol. 2013; 71(9): 224–317.
- Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. Wytyczne ESH/ESC dotyczące postępowania w nadciśnieniu tętniczym w 2013 roku. Kard Pol. 2013; 71(3): 60–64.
- Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. Wytyczne ESC dotyczące leczenia migotania przedsionków w 2016 roku, opracowane we współpracy z EACTS. Kardiologia Polska. 2016; 74(12): 1359–1469.
- Szczepańska-Sadowska E. Sikora M. Nadciśnienie tętnicze pierwotne. Więcek A. Januszewicz A. Szczepańska-Sadowska E Prejbisz A. Hipertensjologia, patogeneza, diagnostyka i leczenie nadciśnienia tętniczego. Medycyna Praktyczna, Kraków. 2011; 2: 291–394.