Vol 20, No 4 (2016)
Editorial
Published online: 2016-12-29

open access

Page views 1228
Article views/downloads 1545
Get Citation

Connect on Social Media

Connect on Social Media

Hypertension and depression — the terrible two

Päivi Korhonen
Arterial Hypertension 2016;20(4):198-199.

Abstract

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders globally, presenting an increasing burden everywhere — as are hypertension-related diseases. Depression nearly doubles the risk for developing coronary heart disease, and in those already suffering from heart disease, depression nearly doubles the risk of mortality. This elevated cardiac risk associated with depression is independent of classical risk factors, and similar in degree to smoking and hypercholesterolaemia.

References

  1. Katon WJ, Lin EHB, Von Korff M, et al. Cardiac risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus and major depression. J Gen Intern Med. 2004; 19(12): 1192–1199.
  2. Nicholson A, Kuper H, Hemingway H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27(23): 2763–2774.
  3. Esler M, Turbott J, Schwarz R, et al. The peripheral kinetics of norepinephrine in depressive illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982; 39(3): 295–300.
  4. Veith RC, Lewis N, Linares OA, et al. Sympathetic nervous system activity in major depression. Basal and desipramine-induced alterations in plasma norepinephrine kinetics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994; 51(5): 411–422.
  5. Reynolds CF, Frank E, Siu AL, et al. US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for depression in adults: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 151(11): 784–792.
  6. Kotseva K, Wood D, De Backer G, et al. EUROASPIRE Study Group. EUROASPIRE III: a survey on the lifestyle, risk factors and use of cardioprotective drug therapies in coronary patients from 22 European countries. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009; 16(2): 121–137.
  7. Cassano P, Fava M. Depression and public health: an overview. J Psychosom Res. 2002; 53(4): 849–857.
  8. Li Z, Li Y, Chen L, et al. Prevalence of Depression in Patients With Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94(31): e1317.
  9. Stapelberg NJC, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, et al. A topographical map of the causal network of mechanisms underlying the relationship between major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011; 45(5): 351–369.
  10. Gehi A, Haas D, Pipkin S, et al. Depression and medication adherence in outpatients with coronary heart disease: findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165(21): 2508–2513.
  11. Cooney GM, Dwan K, Greig CA, et al. Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013(9): CD004366.