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Vol 5, No 1 (2019)
Review paper
Published online: 2019-04-04

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Budowa i funkcja ludzkich antygenów zgodności tkankowej. Część 3. Rola antygenów MHC w chorobach reumatycznych

Krzysztof Wiktorowicz1, Krzysztof Kaszkowiak1, Włodzimierz Samborski2
DOI: 10.5603/FR.2019.0005
Forum Reumatol 2019;5(1):33-42.

Abstract

Ekspresja określonych alleli zgodności tkankowej stanowi czynnik ryzyka chorób reumatycznych. W reumatoidalnym zapaleniu stawów jest to obecność antygenów HLA-DRB1, z charakterystyczną sekwencją pięciu aminokwasów (glutamina, lizyna, arginina, alanina) w pozycjach od 70 do 74 łańcucha, nazywanych najczęściej wspólnym epitopem. Charakterystyczna dla zesztywniającego zapalenie stawów kręgosłupa jest ekspresja antygenu zgodności tkankowej HLA-B27, który może prezentować nieprawidłowo przetworzone peptydy antygenowe. Wydaje się, że cząsteczki HLA-B27 mogą z większą wydajnością prezentować autoreaktywnym limfocytom T patogenne peptydy bakteryjne albo endogenne peptydy artrytogenne. W biologii chorób reumatycznych ważną rolę mogą odgrywać także polimorfizmy pojedynczego nukleotydu (SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism) czy mechanizmy epigenetyczne, wpływające na ekspresję genów.

Forum Reumatol. 2019, tom 5, nr 1: 33–42

Keywords: HLA-DRB1wspólny epitopHLA-B27prezentacja antygenu

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