Vol 6, No 6 (2010)
Review paper
Published online: 2011-02-24
Epidemiology, screening and staging of colorectal cancer
Onkol. Prak. Klin 2010;6(6):283-289.
Abstract
In Poland in 2007, 14 244 new cases of colorectal cancer (C18–C20) were observed — 6352 in women and
7892 in men. Colorectal cancer was the third most common cancer (behind lung and breast cancer) and
corresponded with 11.1% of all new cancer cases. Estimated incidence rate in Poland in 2008 was 49.3/100
000 per year in men and 25.7 in women, whereas mortality rate was 29.8 and 15.7, respectively. In European
countries colorectal cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm and corresponds with 13.6% of all
new cancer cases. Estimated incidence rate in 2008 was 57.1/100 000 per year in men and 35.4 in women,
whereas mortality rate was 26.8 and 16.6, respectively. European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)
recommends faecal occult blood test repeated every 1–2 years as a screening method in men and women
aged 50 years and more. It has been shown that such screening reduces mortality from colorectal cancer by 25%. In the newest, seventh edition of Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee
on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) colorectal cancer staging classification, inter alia T4 tumours are subdivided
into T4a (penetration of the surface of the visceral peritoneum) and T4b (invasion of other organs). There
is also a subdivision of N1 and N2 in respect of number of involved lymph nodes into N1a (1 node), N1b
(2–3 nodes), N2a (4–6 nodes) and N2b (7 or more nodes). Five-year survival rate of patients with colon
cancer diagnosed in Poland between 1995 and 1999 was 38.7% (mean in European countries 54.5%)
and with rectal or anal cancer it was 38.9% (mean in European countries 53.2%).
Keywords:
colorectal neoplasmsepidemiologydiagnosisscreeningneoplasm stagingprognosis
Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2010; 6, 6: 283–289
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