Online first
Case report
Published online: 2025-02-13
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord — case report and literature review
1
, 2, 3, 1
, 2, 3, 1
DOI: 10.5603/ocp.104292
Abstract
In this article, we present a case of a 77-year-old patient with a tumor of the spermatic cord. The tumor infiltrated the structures of the spermatic cord, had a hard and solid structure, and was located in the middle part of the spermatic cord. Since it was found during a procedure, the tumor, along with the spermatic cord and the left testicle, was resected. The entire specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was a non-epithelial neoplasm with a sarcomatous component. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that the tumor corresponded most closely to angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. We conducted a review of available literature using a database from 1979 (when this type of tumor was first described) to 2024 and did not find any publications describing a case of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma located in the spermatic cord. The search phrases used included angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, pampiniform plexus, and spermatic cord. Therefore, it appears that this case is the first known instance of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma in this location. In this article, we also reviewed the available literature on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma and discussed the current approach to diagnosing and treating this rare neoplasm based on our secondary research.
Keywords: spermatic cord tumorspermatic cordorchiectomysarcomaangiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
References
- Thompson JN, Abraham TK, Jantet GH. Metastasis to pampiniform plexus from left renal adenocarcinoma presenting with acute varicocele. Urology. 1984; 24(6): 621–622.
- Moch H, Amin MB, Berney DM, et al. The 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours. Eur Urol. 2022; 82(5): 458–468.
- The WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO Classification of Tumours Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours, 5th ed. IARC Press, Lyon 2020.
- Tosun S, Ekinci O. Missed Inguinal Cord Lipoma May Mimic Recurrence Following Endoscopic Repair of Groin Hernias. Indian Journal of Surgery. 2020; 82(4): 610–615.
- Kowalik K, Modrzejewski A, Kurpik A. Spermatic cord tumors — review of the literature. Oncology in Clinical Practice. 2023; 19(3): 167–173.
- Fanburg-Smith JC, Dal Cin P. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unii KK, Mertens F eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press : 194–195.
- Shi H, Li H, Zhen T, et al. Clinicopathological features of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a series of 21 cases with variant morphology. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015 Jan 1;8(1):772-8. PMID: 25755773; PMCID. : PMC4348856.
- Pettinato G, Manivel JC, De Rosa G, et al. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: cytologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric study of 20 cases. Mod Pathol. 1990; 3(4): 479–487.
- Leu HJ, Makek M. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Case report and electron microscopic findings. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol. 1982; 395(1): 99–107.
- Sun CC, Toker C, Breitenecker R. An ultrastructural study of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Cancer. 1982; 49(10): 2103–2111, doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820515)49:10<2103::aid-cncr2820491023>3.0.co;2-3.
- Hasegawa T, Seki K, Ono K, et al. Angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma: a peculiar low-grade tumor showing immunophenotypic heterogeneity and ultrastructural variations. Pathol Int. 2000; 50(9): 731–738.
- Argenyi ZB, Van Rybroek JJ, Kemp JD, et al. Congenital angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A light-microscopic, immunopathologic, and electron-microscopic study. Am J Dermatopathol. 1988; 10(1): 59–67.
- Hairston MA, Reed RJ. Aneurysmal sclerosing hemanigoma of skin. Arch Dermatol. 1966; 93(4): 439–442.
- Mitelman F, Johansson B, Mertens F. The impact of translocations and gene fusions on cancer causation. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007; 7(4): 233–245.
- Ladanyi M. The emerging molecular genetics of sarcoma translocations. Diagn Mol Pathol. 1995; 4(3): 162–173.
- Helman LJ, Meltzer P. Mechanisms of sarcoma development. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003; 3(9): 685–694.
- Antonescu CR, Dal Cin P, Nafa K, et al. EWSR1-CREB1 is the predominant gene fusion in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2007; 46(12): 1051–1060.
- Rossi S, Szuhai K, Ijszenga M, et al. EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion genes in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007; 13(24): 7322–7328.
- Enzinger F. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma.A distinct fibrohistiocytic tumor of children and young adults simulating a vascular neoplasm. Cancer. 1979; 44(6): 2147–2157, doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197912)44:6<2147::aid-cncr2820440627>3.0.co;2-8.
- Costa MJ, Weiss SW. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A follow-up study of 108 cases with evaluation of possible histologic predictors of outcome. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990; 14(12): 1126–1132.
- Chen G, Folpe AL, Colby TV, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: unusual sites and unusual morphology. Mod Pathol. 2011; 24(12): 1560–1570.
- Moura RD, Wang X, Lonzo ML, et al. Reticular angiomatoid "malignant" fibrous histiocytoma--a case report with cytogenetics and molecular genetic analyses. Hum Pathol. 2011; 42(9): 1359–1363.
- Fanburg-Smith JC, Miettinen M. Angiomatoid "malignant" fibrous histiocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 158 cases and further exploration of the myoid phenotype. Hum Pathol. 1999; 30(11): 1336–1343.
- Chen G, Folpe AL, Colby TV, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: unusual sites and unusual morphology. Mod Pathol. 2011; 24(12): 1560–1570.
- Bin Abdulqader S, Altuhaini K, Tallab R, et al. Primary Intracranial Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma: Two Case Reports and Literature Review. World Neurosurg. 2020; 143: 398–404.
- Dunham C, Hussong J, Seiff M, et al. Primary intracerebral angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: report of a case with a t(12;22)(q13;q12) causing type 1 fusion of the EWS and ATF-1 genes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008; 32(3): 478–484.
- Ochalski PG, Edinger JT, Horowitz MB, et al. Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma presenting as recurrent multifocal intraparenchymal hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2010; 112(5): 978–982.
- Mangham DC, Williams A, Lalam RK, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone: a calcifying sclerosing variant mimicking osteosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010; 34(2): 279–285.
- Petrey WB, LeGallo RD, Fox MG, et al. Imaging characteristics of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone. Skeletal Radiol. 2011; 40(2): 233–237.
- Fletcher CD. Angiomatoid "malignant fibrous histiocytoma": an immunohistochemical study indicative of myoid differentiation. Hum Pathol. 1991; 22(6): 563–568.
- Ding J, Zhou G, Dong Y, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma in the spinal canal of T3-T4: a case report and literature review. Br J Neurosurg. 2023; 37(5): 1069–1073.
- Martelli L, Collini P, Meazza C, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma in an HIV-positive child. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008; 30(3): 242–244.
- Lee HS, Kim T, Kim JS, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma as a second tumor in a young adult with testicular cancer. Cancer Res Treat. 2013; 45(3): 239–243.
- Gambini C, Haupt R, Rongioletti F. Angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma as a second tumour in a child with neuroblastoma. Br J Dermatol. 2000; 142(3): 537–539.
- Fanburg-Smith JC, Hengge M, Hengge UR, et al. Extrarenal rhabdoid tumors of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 18 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol. 1998; 2(6): 351–362.
- Kodet R, Newton WA, Sachs N, et al. Rhabdoid tumors of soft tissues: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases enrolled on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Hum Pathol. 1991; 22(7): 674–684.
- Kong X, Zhao D, Lin G, et al. Recurrent painful perianal subcutaneous angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014; 93(28): e202.
- Demand A, Barber S, Powell S, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: primary intracranial lesion with thoracic spine metastasis and a malignant course. Illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2024; 7(1).
- Costa MA, Silva I, Carvalhido L, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the arm treated by radiotherapy for local recurrence--case report. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1997; 28(5): 373–376, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199705)28:5<373::aid-mpo10>3.0.co;2-c.
- Ogden S, Harave S, McPartland Jo, et al. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: A case of local recurrence and metastases to loco-regional lymph nodes that responded to chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017; 64(6).
- Chow LT, Allen PW, Kumta SM, et al. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: report of an unusual case with highly aggressive clinical course. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1998; 37(3): 235–238.
- Konstantinidis A, Cheesman E, O'Sullivan J, et al. Intracranial Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma with EWSR1-CREB Family Fusions: A Report of 2 Pediatric Cases. World Neurosurg. 2019; 126: 113–119.