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Vol 71, No 2 (2021)
Review paper
Published online: 2021-04-06
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Personalised medicine in lung cancer

Izabela Łaczmańska12, Izabella Dębicka2, Justyna Gil1, Dagmara Michałowska2, Ireneusz Pawlak2, Maria M. Sąsiadek1
DOI: 10.5603/NJO.2021.0026
·
Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology 2021;71(2):122-128.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
  2. Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

open access

Vol 71, No 2 (2021)
Genetics and oncology
Published online: 2021-04-06

Abstract

Personalised  therapy  is  currently  a  promising  method  of  treatment  for  cancer  patients.  The  dynamic  development  of  molecular  biology  enabled  identification  of  molecular  subtypes  of  neoplasms,  allowing  determination  of  the  optimal  therapeutic management for the patient. Molecular diagnostics is also essential for cancer diagnosis, predicting disease development and prognosis. In the case of lung cancer, which is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, the main candidates for targeted treatment are patients with stage III and IV of the disease and with no possibility of radical local treatment. In clinical practice, the most proven therapeutic agents are inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, i.e. a receptor of the epithelial growth factor (TKI-EGFR), inhibitors of ALK, ROS1, BRAF and others, as well as immunotherapy applying monoclonal antibodies against immunological system checkpoints in cases of  high level expression of programmed death receptor type 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), but also in cases of the high tumour mutational burden (TMB). As compared to chemotherapy, targeted therapy undoubtedly improves the treatment outcomes and, due to its lower toxicity, improves the quality of life of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. The aim of this paper is to characterise molecular tests  which are currently applied in qualification of non-small cell lung cancer patients for targeted therapies.

Abstract

Personalised  therapy  is  currently  a  promising  method  of  treatment  for  cancer  patients.  The  dynamic  development  of  molecular  biology  enabled  identification  of  molecular  subtypes  of  neoplasms,  allowing  determination  of  the  optimal  therapeutic management for the patient. Molecular diagnostics is also essential for cancer diagnosis, predicting disease development and prognosis. In the case of lung cancer, which is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, the main candidates for targeted treatment are patients with stage III and IV of the disease and with no possibility of radical local treatment. In clinical practice, the most proven therapeutic agents are inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, i.e. a receptor of the epithelial growth factor (TKI-EGFR), inhibitors of ALK, ROS1, BRAF and others, as well as immunotherapy applying monoclonal antibodies against immunological system checkpoints in cases of  high level expression of programmed death receptor type 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), but also in cases of the high tumour mutational burden (TMB). As compared to chemotherapy, targeted therapy undoubtedly improves the treatment outcomes and, due to its lower toxicity, improves the quality of life of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. The aim of this paper is to characterise molecular tests  which are currently applied in qualification of non-small cell lung cancer patients for targeted therapies.

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Keywords

lung cancer; NSCLC; FISH; NGS; targeted therapy; TKI

About this article
Title

Personalised medicine in lung cancer

Journal

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology

Issue

Vol 71, No 2 (2021)

Article type

Review paper

Pages

122-128

Published online

2021-04-06

Page views

832

Article views/downloads

684

DOI

10.5603/NJO.2021.0026

Bibliographic record

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology 2021;71(2):122-128.

Keywords

lung cancer
NSCLC
FISH
NGS
targeted therapy
TKI

Authors

Izabela Łaczmańska
Izabella Dębicka
Justyna Gil
Dagmara Michałowska
Ireneusz Pawlak
Maria M. Sąsiadek

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