open access
Vol 64, No 2 (2014)
Review paper
Published online: 2014-04-09
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer
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DOI: 10.5603/NJO.2014.0024
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Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology 2014;64(2):175-179.
open access
Vol 64, No 2 (2014)
Review article
Published online: 2014-04-09
Abstract
Numerous experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exert anticancer activity. This effect may result from the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and reduced production of prostaglandin E2, which has an important role in the pathogensis of inflammation and promotion/progression of human cancers. Many epidemiological studies have shown that long-term use of acetylosalicic acid reduced the incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) and lowered the incidence of adenomatous polyps in the colon. In phase III studies, two selective COX-2 inhibitors, sulindac and celecoxib, were found to inhibit the growth of adenomatous polyps and cause regression of existing polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. A specific biomarker of acetylosalicylic acid anticancer activity in CRC may prove to bea mutation in PIK3CA gene. The chronic use of NSAIDs, especially selective COX-2 inhibitors, for CRC prevention is limited due to their side effects, in particular digestive tract bleeding. However, the development of new types of drugs and progress of molecular biology, will probably allow selection of best candidates for personalized NSAIDs chemoprevention of CRC and others malignancies.
Abstract
Numerous experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exert anticancer activity. This effect may result from the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and reduced production of prostaglandin E2, which has an important role in the pathogensis of inflammation and promotion/progression of human cancers. Many epidemiological studies have shown that long-term use of acetylosalicic acid reduced the incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) and lowered the incidence of adenomatous polyps in the colon. In phase III studies, two selective COX-2 inhibitors, sulindac and celecoxib, were found to inhibit the growth of adenomatous polyps and cause regression of existing polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. A specific biomarker of acetylosalicylic acid anticancer activity in CRC may prove to bea mutation in PIK3CA gene. The chronic use of NSAIDs, especially selective COX-2 inhibitors, for CRC prevention is limited due to their side effects, in particular digestive tract bleeding. However, the development of new types of drugs and progress of molecular biology, will probably allow selection of best candidates for personalized NSAIDs chemoprevention of CRC and others malignancies.
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About this articleTitle
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer
Journal
Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology
Issue
Article type
Review paper
Pages
175-179
Published online
2014-04-09
Page views
1330
Article views/downloads
8426
DOI
10.5603/NJO.2014.0024
Bibliographic record
Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology 2014;64(2):175-179.
Authors
Natalia Kmieć
Marzena Wełnicka-Jaśkiewicz
Jacek Jassem