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The importance of selected biomarkers in the clinical practice of breast cancer patients

Agata Makówka1, Beata Kotowicz1
DOI: 10.5603/njo.95605
Affiliations
  1. Cancer Biomarker and Cytokines Laboratory Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

open access

Ahead of print
Review article
Published online: 2023-08-17

Abstract

Breast cancer is considered the most commonly diagnosed tumors. Biomarkers used for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are: tissue biomarkers (PR, ER, HER2, Ki-67) and serum biomarkers (CA15-3, CA125, CA27.29, CEA, cytokeratins). ECD HER2, metalloproteinases and leptin are emerging promising biomarkers for breast cancer. There is a growing need for personalized diagnostics based on tumor genome characterization, relying on liquid biopsy containing components such as CTC and ctDNA, cell-free RNA. Biomarkers can also be used use as a target for anti breast cancer treatment (PGRN and sortilin, AR, PD-1/PD-L1). Another potential fields of application of breast cancer biomarkers is monitoring of treatment side effects, such us inflammatory biomarkers causing cardiotoxicity, thyroiditis biomarkers (TSH, FT4, TPOab TgAb) in IrAE, NF-L and MCP-1 in ICI-associated neurotoxity. It is expected to develop new prognostic and predictive biomarkers that would provide accurate and reliable information for clinical application. Through the recognition of emerging biomarkers, it is possible to identify subgroups of patients who benefit from targeted therapies and managing treatment by monitoring side effects. However, these new biomarkers need to be validated and tested for their suitability before entering clinical use.

Abstract

Breast cancer is considered the most commonly diagnosed tumors. Biomarkers used for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are: tissue biomarkers (PR, ER, HER2, Ki-67) and serum biomarkers (CA15-3, CA125, CA27.29, CEA, cytokeratins). ECD HER2, metalloproteinases and leptin are emerging promising biomarkers for breast cancer. There is a growing need for personalized diagnostics based on tumor genome characterization, relying on liquid biopsy containing components such as CTC and ctDNA, cell-free RNA. Biomarkers can also be used use as a target for anti breast cancer treatment (PGRN and sortilin, AR, PD-1/PD-L1). Another potential fields of application of breast cancer biomarkers is monitoring of treatment side effects, such us inflammatory biomarkers causing cardiotoxicity, thyroiditis biomarkers (TSH, FT4, TPOab TgAb) in IrAE, NF-L and MCP-1 in ICI-associated neurotoxity. It is expected to develop new prognostic and predictive biomarkers that would provide accurate and reliable information for clinical application. Through the recognition of emerging biomarkers, it is possible to identify subgroups of patients who benefit from targeted therapies and managing treatment by monitoring side effects. However, these new biomarkers need to be validated and tested for their suitability before entering clinical use.

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Keywords

breast cancer; biomarkers; personalized diagnostics; anti-cancer therapy; adverse events

About this article
Title

The importance of selected biomarkers in the clinical practice of breast cancer patients

Journal

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology

Issue

Ahead of print

Article type

Review paper

Published online

2023-08-17

Page views

51

Article views/downloads

38

DOI

10.5603/njo.95605

Keywords

breast cancer
biomarkers
personalized diagnostics
anti-cancer therapy
adverse events

Authors

Agata Makówka
Beata Kotowicz

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