Vol 53, No 5 (2019)
Invited Editorial
Published online: 2019-10-30
Searching for tics
Abstract
Introduction: In the current edition, Szejko and colleagues describe a subset of patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) who had dystonic tics (DTs), which occurred more frequently in those with a greater number of tics and likely contribute to impairment. Clinical Reflections: DTs manifest as an abnormal posture that may be difficult to distinguish from other movements, such as dystonia and other tic types. Electromyography is an invaluable tool that can aid clinicians in making this important distinction.
Clinical Implications: Accurately diagnosing these movements can significantly impact treatment decisions and contribute to more homogenous research populations.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. ; 2013.
- Szejko N, Jakubczyk A, Dunalska A, et al. Dystonic tics in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurol Neurochir Pol. ; 2019: In.
- Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M. Psychogenic movement disorders. Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders. 2011: 513–527.
- Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord. 2013; 28(7): 863–873.
- Kwak C, Dat Vuong K, Jankovic J. Premonitory sensory phenomenon in Tourette's syndrome. Mov Disord. 2003; 18(12): 1530–1533.
- Banaschewski T, Woerner W, Rothenberger A. Premonitory sensory phenomena and suppressibility of tics in Tourette syndrome: developmental aspects in children and adolescents. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003; 45(10): 700–703.
- Panyakaew P, Cho HJ, Hallett M. Clinical Neurophysiological Evaluation for Simple Motor Tics. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. 2016; 1: 33–37.
- Jankovic J, Stone L. Dystonic tics in patients with Tourette's syndrome. Mov Disord. 1991; 6(3): 248–252.
- Kompoliti K, Goetz CG. Hyperkinetic movement disorders misdiagnosed as tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord. 1998; 13(3): 477–480.
- Janik P, Szejko N. Aripiprazole in treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome - New therapeutic option. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2018; 52(1): 84–87.
- Pringsheim T, Okun MS, Müller-Vahl K, et al. Practice guideline recommendations summary: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology. 2019; 92(19): 896–906.
- Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of dystonic tics. Mov Disord. 1994; 9(3): 347–349.
- Vincent DA. Botulinum toxin in the management of laryngeal tics. J Voice. 2008; 22(2): 251–256.
- Kwak CH, Hanna PA, Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics. Arch Neurol. 2000; 57(8): 1190–1193.
- Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Hardin MT, et al. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989; 28(4): 566–573.
- Martino D, Pringsheim TM, Cavanna AE, et al. Members of the MDS Committee on Rating Scales Development. Systematic review of severity scales and screening instruments for tics: Critique and recommendations. Mov Disord. 2017; 32(3): 467–473.
- Stone LA, Jankovic J. The coexistence of tics and dystonia. Arch Neurol. 1991; 48(8): 862–865.
- Elston JS, Granje FC, Lees AJ. The relationship between eye-winking tics, frequent eye-blinking and blepharospasm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1989; 52(4): 477–480.
- Németh AH, Mills KR, Elston JS, et al. Do the same genes predispose to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and dystonia? Report of a new family and review of the literature. Mov Disord. 1999; 14(5): 826–831.
- Romstad A, Dupont E, Krag-Olsen B, et al. Dopa-responsive dystonia and Tourette syndrome in a large Danish family. Arch Neurol. 2003; 60(4): 618–622.
