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Vol 8, No 3 (2023)
Review article
Published online: 2023-08-01
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High-flow oxygen therapy — its application in COVID-19-related respiratory failure and beyond

Martyna Wyszyńska-Gołaszewska1, Mateusz Łukaszyk1, Wojciech Naumnik1
DOI: 10.5603/MRJ.a2023.0037
·
Medical Research Journal 2023;8(3):256-261.
Affiliations
  1. 1st Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis Medical University of Bialystok, Poland

open access

Vol 8, No 3 (2023)
REVIEW ARTICLES
Published online: 2023-08-01

Abstract

Oxygen therapy is the primary method of treating acute respiratory failure during Sars-CoV-2 infection. Depending on the patient’s condition, treatment may be carried out using traditional nasal cannulas, oxygen masks, non-invasive ventilation or mechanical ventilation. A relatively modern method that has been used worldwide for about 10 years is High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (HFNOT). Equipment for HFNOT allows you to obtain high (up to 60 L/min) flows in nasal cannulas and precisely set a high concentration of oxygen in the mixture of inhaled gases. Such high flow is also associated with the generation of constant positive pressure in the airways, which further supports the treatment of respiratory failure by maintaining airway patency, recruitment of alveoli and reducing the breathing workload. HFNOT also leads to a reduction in anatomical dead space and facilitates carbon dioxide washout from the upper respiratory tract which also reduces the work of breathing and increases the efficiency of ventilation. Moreover, this ventilation method is tolerated well by patients and does not require specialized and longterm personnel training. Therefore, the method was widely applied in hospital wards treating patients with severe respiratory failure during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additional applications for this relatively novel method of oxygen support in different fields of medicine were analysed.

Abstract

Oxygen therapy is the primary method of treating acute respiratory failure during Sars-CoV-2 infection. Depending on the patient’s condition, treatment may be carried out using traditional nasal cannulas, oxygen masks, non-invasive ventilation or mechanical ventilation. A relatively modern method that has been used worldwide for about 10 years is High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (HFNOT). Equipment for HFNOT allows you to obtain high (up to 60 L/min) flows in nasal cannulas and precisely set a high concentration of oxygen in the mixture of inhaled gases. Such high flow is also associated with the generation of constant positive pressure in the airways, which further supports the treatment of respiratory failure by maintaining airway patency, recruitment of alveoli and reducing the breathing workload. HFNOT also leads to a reduction in anatomical dead space and facilitates carbon dioxide washout from the upper respiratory tract which also reduces the work of breathing and increases the efficiency of ventilation. Moreover, this ventilation method is tolerated well by patients and does not require specialized and longterm personnel training. Therefore, the method was widely applied in hospital wards treating patients with severe respiratory failure during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additional applications for this relatively novel method of oxygen support in different fields of medicine were analysed.

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Keywords

high-flow nasal cannula, high-flow oxygen therapy, HFNC, HFNOT, COVID-19, Sars-CoV-2, acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

About this article
Title

High-flow oxygen therapy — its application in COVID-19-related respiratory failure and beyond

Journal

Medical Research Journal

Issue

Vol 8, No 3 (2023)

Article type

Review article

Pages

256-261

Published online

2023-08-01

Page views

395

Article views/downloads

384

DOI

10.5603/MRJ.a2023.0037

Bibliographic record

Medical Research Journal 2023;8(3):256-261.

Keywords

high-flow nasal cannula
high-flow oxygen therapy
HFNC
HFNOT
COVID-19
Sars-CoV-2
acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

Authors

Martyna Wyszyńska-Gołaszewska
Mateusz Łukaszyk
Wojciech Naumnik

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