Background: Adipose tissue produces many metabolically active substances such as adiponectin and visfa-tin. Both have potential anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and increasing insulin sensitivity properties. We evaluated the diagnostic value of serum adiponectin and visfatin as potential cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects and methods: Sixty non-smoking, non-obese subjects aged 25–40 years with normal fasting glycaemia were included in the study. In all subjects serum fasting lipid profile, CRP, glucose, insulin, and apolipoprotein AI and B measurements were performed on an automatic analyser, while adiponectin and visfatin were measured using manual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood pressure measurements, body composition analysis using bioimpedance method (BIA), and basic anthropometric measurements (weight, BMI, WHR) were performed.

Results: In the study group the concentration of adiponectin and visfatin was significantly inversely and moder-ately related with the amount of visceral fat, BMI, and waist circumference, while an inverse weak relationship with HOMA-IR and insulin level was observed. Moreover, adiponectin was weakly inversely related with CRP but positively with HDL-C and apolipoprotein AI. The prevalence of subjects with CRP < 1 mg/L was signifi-cantly higher at the highest adiponectin and visfatin concentrations (third tertile). At the lowest adiponectin concentrations (first tertile) the percentage of subjects with elevated apoB ≥ 100 mg/dL was increased. Conclusion: The relationship of serum adiponectin and visfatin with the amount of visceral fat, lipid profile, apolipoproteins, and CRP suggests their potential diagnostic value in the assessment of cardiometabolic risk. The predictive value of both adipocytokines should be confirmed in a large population-based study.