Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Original article
Published online: 2023-12-18

open access

Page views 320
Article views/downloads 196
Get Citation

Connect on Social Media

Connect on Social Media

Effect of low-frequency magnetic field (magnetic stimulation) and kinesitherapy on the level of selected blood parameters in haemodialysis patients

Patrycja Widłak1, Łukasz Tomczyk2, Marta Woldańska-Okońska3, Piotr Bartnicki4
Medical Research Journal 2024;9(1):3-10.

Abstract

Introduction: Abnormalities in the secretory and endocrine functions of the kidneys are often diagnosed in patients
with chronic kidney disease and undergoing haemodialysis, leading to disturbances in body homeostasis.
Frequent multimorbidity is an additional factor that negatively affects homeostasis. These factors contribute to
a decrease in cardiopulmonary fitness, deterioration of the patient’s psychophysical status, and, consequently,
a decrease in quality of life. Due to several limitations of rehabilitation in this group of patients, solutions are
constantly being sought to safely avoid or reduce the problems resulting from the above health burdens. Among
the least invasive methods are magnetic stimulation and properly prepared and administered kinesitherapy.

Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of magnetic stimulation and kinesitherapy on
selected blood parameters in haemodialysis patients.

Material and methods: The study covered 26 people. Six patients received magnetic stimulation and
kinesitherapy, 10 received only kinesitherapy, and the others were in the control group. At baseline and
after 6 and 12 weeks, blood tests were performed in all three groups to evaluate changes in the parameters
studied (RBC, Hb, HCT, WBC, PLT, Na ions, K ions, Cl ions, urea, Pi, tCa, ALP and parathormone).

Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the blood parameters studied, except for urea. The urea
level in the group where patients underwent magnetic stimulation and exercise increased in the second collection
but decreased in the third, whereas in the exercise-only group, it showed an increasing trend in all 3 collections.
Conclusions: The levels of the assessed blood parameters do not show statistically significant changes
(except for urea). However, one can observe certain non-statistically significant changes in the assessed
blood parameters that are more noticeable in the study groups than in the control group. Therefore, it
can be suspected that both treatments involving magnetic stimulation in combination with exercise and
exercise alone have an impact on the human body. However, further research in this area is necessary.

Article available in PDF format

View PDF Download PDF file

References

  1. Gualdi G, Costantini E, Reale M, et al. Wound Repair and Extremely Low Frequency-Electromagnetic Field: Insight from In Vitro Study and Potential Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(9).
  2. Device manufacturer's website. https://viofor.com/pemf-pulsed-magnetic-field-therapy-magnetostimulation-magnetotherapy-treatment/ (14.10.2023).
  3. Rusak A, Rybak Z. Does magnetic stimulation affect wound healing? In vitro studies. Polim Med. 2013; 43(3): 147–152.
  4. Woldańska-Okońska M, Czernicki J, Karasek M. The influence of the low-frequency magnetic fields of different parameters on the secretion of cortisol in men. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013; 26(1): 92–101.
  5. Eckardt KU, Kasiske BL. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl. 2009; 76113(113): S1–S130.
  6. Marcinkowski W, Rydzyńska T, Liber M. Charakterystyka populacji chorych hemodializowanych w ośrodkach Fresenius NephroCare Polska. Forum Nefrologii. 2016; 9(4): 272–277.
  7. Takhreem M. The effectiveness of intradialytic exercise prescription on quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. Medscape J Med. 2008; 10(10): 226.
  8. Wilund KR, Thompson S, Viana JL, et al. Physical Activity and Health in Chronic Kidney Disease. Contrib Nephrol. 2021; 199: 43–55.
  9. Agarwal R, Mehotra R. End-stage renal disease and dialysis. NephSAP. 2010; 9: 371–373.
  10. Villanego F, Naranjo J, Vigara LA, et al. Impact of physical exercise in patients with chronic kidney disease: Sistematic review and meta-analysis. Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2020; 40(3): 237–252.
  11. Wilkinson TJ, McAdams-DeMarco M, Bennett PN, et al. Global Renal Exercise Network. Advances in exercise therapy in predialysis chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2020; 29(5): 471–479.
  12. Villanego F, Arroyo D, Martínez-Majolero V, et al. en representación del Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Ejercicio Físico en el Enfermo Renal (GEMEFER). Importance of physical exercise prescription in patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the survey of the Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Ejercicio Físico en el Enfermo Renal [Spanish Multidisciplinary Group of Physical Exercise in Kidney Patients] (GEMEFER). Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2023; 43(1): 126–132.
  13. Mallamaci F, Pisano A, Tripepi G. Physical activity in chronic kidney disease and the EXerCise Introduction To Enhance trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2020; 35(Suppl 2): ii18–ii22.
  14. Martins P, Marques EA, Leal DV, et al. Association between physical activity and mortality in end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Nephrol. 2021; 22(1): 227.
  15. Zhang F, Wang H, Wang W, et al. The Role of Physical Activity and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 818921.
  16. Bauer A, Wiecheć M. Przewodnik metodyczny po wybranych zabiegach fizykalnych. Markmed Rehabilitacja, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 2012: 284–288.
  17. Galloza J, Castillo B, Micheo W. Benefits of Exercise in the Older Population. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2017; 28(4): 659–669.
  18. Lee PG, Jackson EA, Richardson CR. Exercise Prescriptions in Older Adults. Am Fam Physician . 2017; 95(7): 425–432.
  19. O'Donovan G, Blazevich AJ, Boreham C, et al. The ABC of Physical Activity for Health: a consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. J Sports Sci. 2010; 28(6): 573–591.
  20. Karasek M, Woldanska-Okonska M. Electromagnetic fields and human endocrine system. ScientificWorldJournal. 2004; 4 Suppl 2: 23–28.
  21. Paolucci T, Porto D, Pellegrino R, et al. Combined Rehabilitation Protocol in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Comparative Study of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Soft Elastic Knee Brace Effect. Healthcare (Basel). 2023; 11(9).
  22. Toda T, Ito M, Takeda JI, et al. Extremely low-frequency pulses of faint magnetic field induce mitophagy to rejuvenate mitochondria. Commun Biol. 2022; 5(1): 453.
  23. Woldańska-Okońska M, Koszela K. Chronic-Exposure Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (Magnetotherapy and Magnetic Stimulation) Influence Serum Serotonin Concentrations in Patients with Low Back Pain-Clinical Observation Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(15).
  24. Shafiee S, Hasanzadeh Kiabi F, Shafizad M, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a potential therapeutic modality for chronic low back pain. Korean J Pain. 2017; 30(1): 71–72.
  25. Yang S, Chang MC. Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Pain Management: A Systematic Narrative Review. Front Neurol. 2020; 11: 114.
  26. Kwiecień-Czerwieniec I, Woldańska-Okońska M. Magnetoledtherapy in comprehensive pediatric rehabilitation. Polish Annals of Medicine. 2012; 19(2): 163–169.
  27. Marín López MªT, Rodríguez-Rey R, Montesinos F, et al. Factors associated with quality of life and its prediction in renal patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment. Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2021 [Epub ahead of print].
  28. Yamamoto R, Ito T, Nagasawa Y, et al. Efficacy of aerobic exercise on the cardiometabolic and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Nephrol. 2021; 34(1): 155–164.
  29. Nowicki M, Murlikiewicz K, Jagodzińska M. Pedometers as a means to increase spontaneous physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients. J Nephrol. 2010; 23(3): 297–305.
  30. Zamojska S, Szklarek M, Niewodniczy M, et al. Correlates of habitual physical activity in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006; 21(5): 1323–1327.
  31. Yamamoto S, Matsuzawa R, Abe Y, et al. Utility of Regular Management of Physical Activity and Physical Function in Hemodialysis Patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2018; 43(5): 1505–1515.
  32. Turoń-Skrzypińska A, Tomska N, Mosiejczuk H, et al. Impact of virtual reality exercises on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1): 12435.
  33. Zhang H, Wang H, Huang L, et al. Interventions to increase physical activity level in patients with whole spectrum chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2023; 45(2): 2255677.
  34. Cuppen JJM, Gradinaru C, Raap-van Sleuwen BE, et al. LF-EMF Compound Block Type Signal Activates Human Neutrophilic Granulocytes In Vivo. Bioelectromagnetics. 2022; 43(5): 309–316.
  35. Díaz-Del Cerro E, Vida C, Martínez de Toda I, et al. The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging. Environ Health. 2020; 19(1): 118.
  36. Mahaki H, Tanzadehpanah H, Jabarivasal N, et al. A review on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity. Electromagn Biol Med. 2019; 38(1): 84–95.