Relationship between serum homocysteine levels and structural-functional carotid arterial abnormalities in inactive Behçet’s disease

Abstract

Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder with symptoms manifesting from an underlying vasculitis. Since the disease activity is correlated with characteristic vascular endothelial dysfunction, BD places individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for arteriosclerotic vascular diseases.

Aim: This study was designed to investigate how plasma homocysteine (Hcy) affects the structural and functional properties of the carotid artery in humans.

Methods: Sixty-eight BD patients with subclinical atherosclerosis and 40 healthy controls underwent carotid sonography and Doppler ultrasound to measure carotid artery intima–media thickness (C-IMT) and carotid stiffness and distensibility (indicat­ing elasticity). Total Hcy level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For analysis, the BD patients were sub-grouped according to hyperhomocysteinaemia (> 15 μmol/L).

Results: The patients with BD were found to have increased C-IMT and beta stiffness and decreased distensibility. In addition, hyperhomocysteinaemia was significantly correlated with these detrimental changes in the carotid artery, possibly raising the risk of these patients developing atherosclerosis.

Conclusions: These findings suggest a potential mechanism of atherosclerosis in BD and highlight the processes that future research should focus on to address identification and prophylactic treatment of BD patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.