Retrospective analysis of selected aspects of public blood transfusion service as a starting point for assessment of the status of transfusion medicine in Poland Part 1: Demographic characteristics of the donor population reporting for blood donation

Streszczenie

Background: The ongoing demographic changes in Poland affect the number of donors and donations with direct impact on provision of blood and blood components for transfusion. With predicted population-decline, the number of potential donors is likely to decrease while the demand for blood is bound to increase as more people will require blood therapy. The structure of the Polish donor population reporting for blood donation is not uniform, moreover it has undergone additional changes within the study period. So it seems justified to perform in-depth analysis of the dynamics of changes in the number and structure of donor group as well as determine the direction and intensity of these changes in spatial and temporal terms. Identification of the possible causes of change is also important. Aim: presentation of the structure characteristics of the donor group who reported at the Polish regional blood transfusion centers (RBTCs) in the period 2005–2017 with the intention of donating blood/ blood components. Materials and methods: Analyses of available data-sets — annual reports from 21 Polish RBTCs forwarded to the IHTM. The following tools were used for statistical analysis: Microsoft Office: Access and Excel, Microsoft Power Business Intelligence (Power BI) software and STATISTICA version 13.3 software (TIBCO Software Inc.). Results: In 2005–2017 the total number of donors amounted to 8 691 611 including 2 542 621 (29.3%) women and 6 148 990 (70.7%) men. Voluntary non-remunerated donors were estimated at 8 684 069 (99.9%). The average annual number of donors per RBTC was 31 837 and included 31 809 voluntary non-remunerated donors; 22 524 men and 9314 women. Countrywide, the highest number was reported for the period 2011–2013; 701 882 (8.08%), 707 578 (8.14%) and 706 246 (8.13%) for respective years and for the period 2015–2016 the numbers were 718 887 (8.27%) and 706 476 (8.13%) respectively. The highest number for the period was reported by 5 RBTCs: Warsaw (951 068 — 10.94%), Katowice (748 841; 8.62%), Poznan (702 087; 8.08%), Krakow (651 057; 7.49%) and Wroclaw (556 357; 6.40%). In the number of 2 352 099 donors who have recently reported for blood donation at the RBTCs the 25–44 age group was the largest (48%). The least numerous was the 45–65 age group — 548 885 (ca. 11%). There were 2 030 692 donors in the 18–24 age category ( > 41% of the total donor-population).Trend-analysis demonstrated an upward tendency for the category of 25–44 age donors and a downward one for the 18–24 age category. No explicit trend was observed for the 45–65 age group. Conclusion: The number of blood donations in Poland has recently reached the limit of approximately 1 200 000 donations per year. To exceed this limit will be no easy task. All efforts must therefore be focused on promoting people’s willingness to donate blood. The analysis indicates a falling tendency for the 18–24 age group and a rising one for higher age groups, which only raises concern for the future. The priority is therefore to motivate people of all agegroups to donate blood and become multiple donors with special emphasis however on the very young people as they are the potential source for many years to come. Promotion of voluntary non-remunerated blood-donation among children is equally important; in several years’ time transfusion medicine will depend on their willingness to donate blood.