Successful myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patient with acute myeloid leukemia and preexisting pulmonary aspergillosis

Abstract

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are major complications found in hemato-oncological patientsand still remain one of the main reasons for patient mortality in those undergoing allogeneichematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. arethe most common pathogens that cause IFI. The case history of invasive aspergillosis prior to allo-HSCT still poses a challenge because of the high risk of disease reactivation after allo--HSCT. Authors report the clinical case of patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developedpulmonary aspergillosis after a second course of induction chemotherapy. In these instances,early-stage diagnosis and subsequent treatment with new and effective antifungal agentstogether with surgery allowed allo-HSCT to be undertaken, with posaconazole prophylaxistreatment, without the reactivation of invasive aspergillosis occuring.