open access

Vol 93, No 8 (2022)
Review paper
Published online: 2022-06-06
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The role of selected molecular factors in ovarian cancer metastasis

Anna Markowska1, Wlodzimierz Sawicki2, Jakub Zurawski3, Joanna Fechner4, Janina Markowska5
·
Pubmed: 35894484
·
Ginekol Pol 2022;93(8):670-674.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
  2. Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
  3. Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
  4. Department of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
  5. The Clinic of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

open access

Vol 93, No 8 (2022)
REVIEW PAPERS Gynecology
Published online: 2022-06-06

Abstract

The main reason for treatment failure in ovarian cancer is chemoresistance and the presence of metastasis. Ascites, whichallows the physical movement of cancer cells, the lymphovascular pathway, and several molecular factors and signalling axes, are involved in metastasis.
Ascites, with the involvement of cytokines and chemokines, MAPK/STAT1 and NOTCH as well as CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways and circulating anoikis induces cancer dissemination, in particular to the peritoneum and omentum.
The spread of lymphatic and bloodstream cancer cells is a multi-stage process. Tumour infiltration of the stroma and
lymphovascular space (LVSI) produces biologically active cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages (CAFs, TAMs)
that secrete numerous cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, inhibit NK function, induce epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), resulting in an increase of the metastatic potential of cancer cells and the formation of cancer stem
cells (CSCs).
Overexpression of some genes, and microRNAs, in LVSI-(LMGS) associated with metastasis has been identified.
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) transporting metastasis-associated factors has been described as has the role of
cancer stem cells (CSCs) in chemotherapy resistance and metastasis. Sirtuins, enzymes involved in metastasis formation, have also been detected. Certain types of microRNAs (miR-509-3p, microRNA-506-3p) and melatonin have been shown to inhibit metastasis.

Abstract

The main reason for treatment failure in ovarian cancer is chemoresistance and the presence of metastasis. Ascites, whichallows the physical movement of cancer cells, the lymphovascular pathway, and several molecular factors and signalling axes, are involved in metastasis.
Ascites, with the involvement of cytokines and chemokines, MAPK/STAT1 and NOTCH as well as CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways and circulating anoikis induces cancer dissemination, in particular to the peritoneum and omentum.
The spread of lymphatic and bloodstream cancer cells is a multi-stage process. Tumour infiltration of the stroma and
lymphovascular space (LVSI) produces biologically active cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages (CAFs, TAMs)
that secrete numerous cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, inhibit NK function, induce epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), resulting in an increase of the metastatic potential of cancer cells and the formation of cancer stem
cells (CSCs).
Overexpression of some genes, and microRNAs, in LVSI-(LMGS) associated with metastasis has been identified.
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) transporting metastasis-associated factors has been described as has the role of
cancer stem cells (CSCs) in chemotherapy resistance and metastasis. Sirtuins, enzymes involved in metastasis formation, have also been detected. Certain types of microRNAs (miR-509-3p, microRNA-506-3p) and melatonin have been shown to inhibit metastasis.

Get Citation

Keywords

ovarian cancer; metastasis; ascites; CAFs; microRNA; molecular signature

About this article
Title

The role of selected molecular factors in ovarian cancer metastasis

Journal

Ginekologia Polska

Issue

Vol 93, No 8 (2022)

Article type

Review paper

Pages

670-674

Published online

2022-06-06

Page views

4795

Article views/downloads

1267

DOI

10.5603/GP.a2022.0051

Pubmed

35894484

Bibliographic record

Ginekol Pol 2022;93(8):670-674.

Keywords

ovarian cancer
metastasis
ascites
CAFs
microRNA
molecular signature

Authors

Anna Markowska
Wlodzimierz Sawicki
Jakub Zurawski
Joanna Fechner
Janina Markowska

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