open access

Vol 94, No 2 (2023)
Research paper
Published online: 2022-03-04
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Impact of gestational diabetes and other maternal factors on neonatal body composition in the first week of life: a case-control study

Karolina Karcz1, Matylda Czosnykowska-Lukacka1, Barbara Krolak-Olejnik1
·
Pubmed: 35315018
·
Ginekol Pol 2023;94(2):119-128.
Affiliations
  1. Department and Clinic of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland, Poland

open access

Vol 94, No 2 (2023)
ORIGINAL PAPERS Obstetrics
Published online: 2022-03-04

Abstract

Objectives: Newborns of diabetic mothers are at increased risk of abnormal nutritional status at birth, thus developing metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric measurements and body composition of newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes in comparison to newborns born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance in pregnancy, in the first week of their life. Maternal factors affecting the gestational period were also evaluated. Material and methods: The study included 70 participants: neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes (GDM) and neonates born to healthy mothers (non-GDM). A set of statistical methods (e.g., ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test, regression, cluster analysis) was used to compare data between the study groups and to find their association with maternal factors. Results: Our approach resulted in statistically significant classification (p < 0.05) by maternal history of hypothyroidism, weight gain during pregnancy and diagnosis of GDM. Newborns of mothers diagnosed with both GDM and hypothyroidism had lower birth weight and fat mass than newborns of mothers without GDM nor hypothyroidism (p < 0.05), however this finding might be associated with high incidence of excessive gestational weight gain among healthy mothers. No differences in body composition were found between the study groups on account of maternal GDM only (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Thus, well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus as an individual factor does not significantly affect neonatal anthropometric measurements and body composition.

Abstract

Objectives: Newborns of diabetic mothers are at increased risk of abnormal nutritional status at birth, thus developing metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric measurements and body composition of newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes in comparison to newborns born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance in pregnancy, in the first week of their life. Maternal factors affecting the gestational period were also evaluated. Material and methods: The study included 70 participants: neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes (GDM) and neonates born to healthy mothers (non-GDM). A set of statistical methods (e.g., ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test, regression, cluster analysis) was used to compare data between the study groups and to find their association with maternal factors. Results: Our approach resulted in statistically significant classification (p < 0.05) by maternal history of hypothyroidism, weight gain during pregnancy and diagnosis of GDM. Newborns of mothers diagnosed with both GDM and hypothyroidism had lower birth weight and fat mass than newborns of mothers without GDM nor hypothyroidism (p < 0.05), however this finding might be associated with high incidence of excessive gestational weight gain among healthy mothers. No differences in body composition were found between the study groups on account of maternal GDM only (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Thus, well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus as an individual factor does not significantly affect neonatal anthropometric measurements and body composition.

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Keywords

gestational diabetes; hypothyroidism; body composition; newborn; bioelectrical impedance

About this article
Title

Impact of gestational diabetes and other maternal factors on neonatal body composition in the first week of life: a case-control study

Journal

Ginekologia Polska

Issue

Vol 94, No 2 (2023)

Article type

Research paper

Pages

119-128

Published online

2022-03-04

Page views

2884

Article views/downloads

573

DOI

10.5603/GP.a2021.0249

Pubmed

35315018

Bibliographic record

Ginekol Pol 2023;94(2):119-128.

Keywords

gestational diabetes
hypothyroidism
body composition
newborn
bioelectrical impedance

Authors

Karolina Karcz
Matylda Czosnykowska-Lukacka
Barbara Krolak-Olejnik

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