COVID-19 impact on perinatal care: risk factors, clinical manifestation and prophylaxis. Polish experts’ opinion for December 2020
Abstract
Rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coranovirus-2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) caused the pandemic of Coronavirus
Disease 19 (COVID-19). Clinical course of the disease presents symptoms mainly from the respiratory system such as: cough,
dyspnea and fever, and among some patients, can deteriorate even further to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
eventually leading to death. This outbreak, as well as previous ones (SARS, MERS) pose a significant challenge for health
care managers, epidemiologists and physicians. Below we are presenting the clinical profile of the COVID-19 among special
group of patients; pregnant women and newborns, who require special clinical management during hospitalization. In the
summary of this manuscript, we present practical guidelines for managing pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2,
labor and care of the newborn of a positive mother, as well as practical guidelines for COVID-19 vaccinations. It is important
to stress, that this manuscript is based on information available as of December 2020.
Keywords: COVID-19 infectionSars-CoV-2 virusmaternal and neonatal outcomecoronavirus disease
References
- Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020: m3320.
- Boushra M, Koyfman A, Long B. COVID-19 in pregnancy and the puerperium: A review for emergency physicians. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020.
- Mullins E, Evans D, Viner RM, et al. Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 55(5): 586–592.
- Woodworth KR, Olsen EO, Neelam V, et al. CDC COVID-19 Response Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team, COVID-19 Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team (PILOT). Birth and Infant Outcomes Following Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy - SET-NET, 16 Jurisdictions, March 29-October 14, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69(44): 1635–1640.
- Interrante JD, Ailes EC, Lind JN, et al. National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Risk comparison for prenatal use of analgesics and selected birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997-2011. Ann Epidemiol. 2017; 27(10): 645–653.e2.
- McDonnell S, McNamee E, Lindow SW, et al. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: A review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020; 255: 172–176.
- Ng QJu, Koh KMl, Tagore S, et al. Perception and Feelings of Antenatal Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020; 49(8): 543–552.
- Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC). Encyclopedia of Evaluation. .
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Pregnancy. 2020. https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-10-14-coronavirus-covid-19-infection-in-pregnancy-v12.pdf.
- Walker KF, O'Donoghue K, Grace N, et al. Maternal transmission of SARS-COV-2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: a systematic review and critical analysis. BJOG. 2020; 127(11): 1324–1336.
- Gale C, Quigley MA, Placzek A, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: a prospective national cohort study using active surveillance. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021; 5(2): 113–121.
- Castro P, Matos A, Werner H, et al. Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020; 42(07): 420–426.
- Flisiak R, Parczewski M, Horban A, et al. Management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: recommendations of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists. Annex no. 2 as of October 13, 2020. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020; 130(10): 915–918.
- https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/veklury-epar-product-information_pl.pdf.
- Bilal M, Munir H, Nazir M, et al. Persistence, transmission, and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in inanimate environments. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering. 2020; 2: 100047.
- Chan KH, Sridhar S, Zhang RR, et al. Factors affecting stability and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. J Hosp Infect. 2020; 106(2): 226–231.
- Walsh KA, Jordan K, Clyne B, et al. SARS-CoV-2 detection, viral load and infectivity over the course of an infection. J Infect. 2020; 81(3): 357–371.
- Zalecenie Sekcji Ultrasonografii PTGIP w zakresie badań USG w sytuacji epidemiologicznej - COVID-19. http://www.ptgin.pl/zalecenie-sekcji-ultrasonografii-ptgip-w-zakresie-badan-usg-w-sytuacji-epidemiologicznej-covid-19.
- Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr. 2020; 9(1): 51–60.
- Dumitriu D, Emeruwa UN, Hanft E, et al. Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection at a Large Medical Center in New York City. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 [Epub ahead of print].
- Salvatore CM, Han JY, Acker KP, et al. Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020; 4(10): 721–727.
- Farghaly MAA, Kupferman F, Castillo F, et al. Characteristics of Newborns Born to SARS-CoV-2-Positive Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Perinatol. 2020; 37(13): 1310–1316.
- Kotlyar A, Grechukhina O, Chen A, et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021; 224(1): 35–53.e3.
- Peng S, Zhu H, Yang L, et al. A study of breastfeeding practices, SARS-CoV-2 and its antibodies in the breast milk of mothers confirmed with COVID-19. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. 2020; 4: 100045.
- Trevisanuto D, Moschino L, Doglioni N, et al. Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan. Neonatology. 2020; 117(2): 133–140.
- Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization: advice on priority groups for COVID-19 vaccination, 30 December 2020.
- https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/news/updated-advice-on-covid-19-vaccination-in-pregnancy-and-women-who-are-breastfeeding/.