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Assessment of nasal and oral flow of amniotic fluid in 46 non-anomalous fetuses with sonographic and echocardiographic examination
Affiliations- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Prevention of Congenital Malformations, Chair of Morphology and Embryology, Medical University of Lodz, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the paper was to assess nasal and oral amniotic fluid flows, with the use of color ultrasound and spectral Doppler, in normal fetuses.
Material and methods: Forty-six fetuses of singleton gestations were studied prospectively. Spectrum imaging and maximal nasal fluid flow velocities were described. Episodes of regurgitation (external flow from the mouth), swallowing (internal flow at the level of oropharynx and then entrance to the esophagus) were evaluated in two groups: Fetuses < 27 weeks of gestation and 27 weeks of gestation and older. Statistical analysis was done using Fischer exact test and t-test at p = 0.05.
Results: Twenty-one fetuses were < 27 weeks of gestational age and presented mean maximal both inspiratory and expiratory nasal fluid flow velocities significantly lower than twenty-five fetuses who were ≥ 27 weeks of gestational age (p = 0.035 and p = 0.031 respectively, t-test). Episodes of regurgitation were observed more frequently in group of “younger” fetuses (p = 0.006, Fischer exact test). There was no statistically significant relationship between irregular nasal flow spectrum by color Doppler and gestational age group (p = 0.264, Fischer exact test).
Conclusions: Episodes of regurgitation occurred in normal fetuses < 27th week of gestation. Fast amniotic nasal fluid flows without episodes of regurgitation were observed more frequently in fetuses ≥ 27 weeks and it could be interpreted as an additional sonographic feature of prenatal maturation.
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the paper was to assess nasal and oral amniotic fluid flows, with the use of color ultrasound and spectral Doppler, in normal fetuses.
Material and methods: Forty-six fetuses of singleton gestations were studied prospectively. Spectrum imaging and maximal nasal fluid flow velocities were described. Episodes of regurgitation (external flow from the mouth), swallowing (internal flow at the level of oropharynx and then entrance to the esophagus) were evaluated in two groups: Fetuses < 27 weeks of gestation and 27 weeks of gestation and older. Statistical analysis was done using Fischer exact test and t-test at p = 0.05.
Results: Twenty-one fetuses were < 27 weeks of gestational age and presented mean maximal both inspiratory and expiratory nasal fluid flow velocities significantly lower than twenty-five fetuses who were ≥ 27 weeks of gestational age (p = 0.035 and p = 0.031 respectively, t-test). Episodes of regurgitation were observed more frequently in group of “younger” fetuses (p = 0.006, Fischer exact test). There was no statistically significant relationship between irregular nasal flow spectrum by color Doppler and gestational age group (p = 0.264, Fischer exact test).
Conclusions: Episodes of regurgitation occurred in normal fetuses < 27th week of gestation. Fast amniotic nasal fluid flows without episodes of regurgitation were observed more frequently in fetuses ≥ 27 weeks and it could be interpreted as an additional sonographic feature of prenatal maturation.
Keywords
fetal, sonography, doppler, respiratory, digestive
About this articleTitle
Assessment of nasal and oral flow of amniotic fluid in 46 non-anomalous fetuses with sonographic and echocardiographic examination
Journal
Issue
Article type
Research paper
Pages
316-320
Published online
2018-06-29
Page views
1398
Article views/downloads
1044
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Ginekol Pol 2018;89(6):316-320.
Keywords
fetal
sonography
doppler
respiratory
digestive
Authors
Rafał Zieliński
Maria Respondek-Liberska
Stuart Weiner
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