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17β-estradiol and xenoestrogens reveal synergistic effect on mitochondria of human sperm
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of 17β-estradiol (main endogenous estrogen) and selected xenoestrogens (genistein, bisphenol-A), individually and in combination, on the mitochondrial function of human spermatozoa. In natural environment, human beings are exposed to multiple xenoestrogens, so their impact is combined with endogenous steroids.
Material and methods: The effects of ligands on human spermatozoa were assessed regarding the following phenomena: spermatozoa vitality (propidium iodide staining), phosphatidylserine membrane translocation (staining with annexin V marked with fluorescein), mitochondrial membrane potential (using JC-1 fluorochrome), and production of superoxide anion in mitochondria (using MitoSOX RED dye).
Results: Two-hour incubation of spermatozoa with 17β-estradiol, genistein, and bisphenol-A neither altered cell vitality nor stimulated phosphatidylserine membrane translocation. Incubation of spermatozoa with 17β-estradiol or bisphenol-A separately, as well as incubation with the three ligands simultaneously, resulted in altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Spermatozoa incubation with the three ligands significantly increased the mitochondrial superoxide anion level.
Conclusions: It seems safe to conclude that human spermatozoa mitochondria are target cell structures for both, 17β-estradiol and xenoestrogens. The reaction to the 17β-estradiol and xenoestrogens mixture suggests a synergistic mechanism of action. Xenoestrogens may increase the sensitivity of spermatozoa to 17β-estradiol.
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of 17β-estradiol (main endogenous estrogen) and selected xenoestrogens (genistein, bisphenol-A), individually and in combination, on the mitochondrial function of human spermatozoa. In natural environment, human beings are exposed to multiple xenoestrogens, so their impact is combined with endogenous steroids.
Material and methods: The effects of ligands on human spermatozoa were assessed regarding the following phenomena: spermatozoa vitality (propidium iodide staining), phosphatidylserine membrane translocation (staining with annexin V marked with fluorescein), mitochondrial membrane potential (using JC-1 fluorochrome), and production of superoxide anion in mitochondria (using MitoSOX RED dye).
Results: Two-hour incubation of spermatozoa with 17β-estradiol, genistein, and bisphenol-A neither altered cell vitality nor stimulated phosphatidylserine membrane translocation. Incubation of spermatozoa with 17β-estradiol or bisphenol-A separately, as well as incubation with the three ligands simultaneously, resulted in altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Spermatozoa incubation with the three ligands significantly increased the mitochondrial superoxide anion level.
Conclusions: It seems safe to conclude that human spermatozoa mitochondria are target cell structures for both, 17β-estradiol and xenoestrogens. The reaction to the 17β-estradiol and xenoestrogens mixture suggests a synergistic mechanism of action. Xenoestrogens may increase the sensitivity of spermatozoa to 17β-estradiol.
Keywords
human spermatozoa, mitochondria, 17β-estradiol, genistein, bisphenol-A
About this articleTitle
17β-estradiol and xenoestrogens reveal synergistic effect on mitochondria of human sperm
Journal
Issue
Article type
Research paper
Pages
360-366
Published online
2016-06-02
Page views
1521
Article views/downloads
1514
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Ginekol Pol 2016;87(5):360-366.
Keywords
human spermatozoa
mitochondria
17β-estradiol
genistein
bisphenol-A
Authors
Izabela Skibińska
Magdalena Jendraszak
Karolina Borysiak
Piotr Jędrzejczak
Małgorzata Kotwicka
