Recurrent pregnancy loss and metabolic syndrome
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in
patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was held including 115 patients with unexplained RPL who were referred
to a tertiary center between December 2018 and December 2019. In the study, MetS was classified according to The
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria on the basis of metabolic risk
factors. Frequency of MetS in the patients with unexplained RPL was investigated. The relationship between miscarriage
rate and metabolic risk factors was also evaluated.
Results: According to our study the percentage of MetS in patients with unexplained RPL was 24.4%. When evaluated according
to different age groups, it was 18.4% in patients aged 20–29 years, and it was 27.8% in patients aged 30–39 years. At
least having one of its components were high (82.6%) in all patients with unexplained RPL.
Conclusions: The percentage of MetS or of at least having one of its components were high in patients with unexplained
RPL. Increased number of having MetS components were associated with increased miscarriage rate.
Keywords: recurrent pregnancy lossmiscarriagemetabolic syndromeHDLanticoagulant
References
- Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility. 2013; 99(1): 63.
- Hogge W, Byrnes A, Lanasa M, et al. The clinical use of karyotyping spontaneous abortions. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003; 189(2): 397–400.
- El Hachem H, Crepaux V, May-Panloup P, et al. Recurrent pregnancy loss: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health. 2017; 9: 331–345.
- DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 1991; 14(3): 173–194.
- Hooijschuur M, Ghossein-Doha C, Al-Nasiry S, et al. Maternal metabolic syndrome, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age infancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015; 213(3): 370.e1–370.e7.
- Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost. 2006; 4(2): 295–306.
- Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention, Hational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, American Heart Association, World Heart Federation, International Atherosclerosis Society, International Association for the Study of Obesity. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009; 120(16): 1640–1645.
- Kozan O, Oguz A, Abaci A, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Turkish adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006; 61(4): 548–553.
- Soysal A, Demiral Y, Soysal D, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among young adults in Izmir, Turkey. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2005; 5(3): 196–201.
- Jamwal S, Sharma S. Vascular endothelium dysfunction: a conservative target in metabolic disorders. Inflamm Res. 2018; 67(5): 391–405.
- Murphy M, Tayade C, Smith G. Evidence of inflammation and predisposition toward metabolic syndrome after pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health. 2015; 5(4): 354–358.
- Carpenter MW. Gestational Diabetes, Pregnancy Hypertension, and Late Vascular Disease. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(Supplement 2): S246–S250.
- Correction to: Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018; 71(6): e145.
- Ageno W, Prandoni P, Romualdi E, et al. The metabolic syndrome and the risk of venous thrombosis: a case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2006; 4(9): 1914–1918.
- Bartha J, González-Bugatto F, Fernández-Macías R, et al. Metabolic syndrome in normal and complicated pregnancies. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2008; 137(2): 178–184.
- Mierzynski R, Poniedzialek-Czajkowska E, Kimber-Trojnar Z, et al. Anticoagulant therapy in pregnant patients with metabolic syndrome: a review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2014; 15(1): 47–63.
- Clark P, Walker ID, Langhorne P, et al. Scottish Pregnancy Intervention Study (SPIN) collaborators. SPIN (Scottish Pregnancy Intervention) study: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of low-molecular-weight heparin and low-dose aspirin in women with recurrent miscarriage. Blood. 2010; 115(21): 4162–4167.
- Skeith L, Rodger M. Anticoagulants to prevent recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: Is it time to put the needles away? Thrombosis Research. 2017; 151: S38–S42.
