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Pre-vaccination prevalence of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) in women from Kosovo and their related sociodemographic characteristics
Affiliations- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, University “Hasan Prishtina”, Lagja e Spitalit n.n, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo.
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Flow Cytometry, Dr. Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Dr. Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
Objectives: Kosovo’s current health care system does not support organized nationwide cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. To date, no reliable data are available on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Kosovo, or on high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) prevalence and HPV type distribution. Our aim is to determinate the pre-vaccination prevalence and distribution of HR-HPVs and to assesses the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and increased risk of HPV infection in women from Kosovo.
Material and methods: Detection of HR-HPV DNA in cytologically evaluated cervical smears was performed using a clinically validated Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV test, Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, HPV52 type-specific real-time PCR and an in-house GP5+/GP6+/68 PCR.
Results: The crude overall prevalence of any of the HR-HPVs was estimated at 13.1% (26/199; 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.1–18.5%), with HPV16 being the most common type (7/26, 26.9%), followed by HPV31 and HPV51, each detected in 4/26 (15.4%) cervical specimens, HPV18, detected in 3/26 (11.5%) specimens, HPV52 and HPV66, each detected in 2/26 (7.7%) specimens, and HPV33, HPV45, HPV56, and HPV58, each detected in a single (3.9%) specimen. Women over 40 (OR = 0.36), older than 18 at sexual debut (odds ratio (OR) = 0.28), those that had delivered at least one child (OR = 0.32), and those that had a history of pregnancy termination (OR = 0.39) were at lower risk for HPV infection.
Conclusion: Because more than 70% of cervical precancerous lesions could have been prevented in Kosovo using nationwide HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, it is of outmost importance to implement both programs in the national health care system as soon as possible.
Abstract
Objectives: Kosovo’s current health care system does not support organized nationwide cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. To date, no reliable data are available on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Kosovo, or on high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) prevalence and HPV type distribution. Our aim is to determinate the pre-vaccination prevalence and distribution of HR-HPVs and to assesses the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and increased risk of HPV infection in women from Kosovo.
Material and methods: Detection of HR-HPV DNA in cytologically evaluated cervical smears was performed using a clinically validated Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV test, Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, HPV52 type-specific real-time PCR and an in-house GP5+/GP6+/68 PCR.
Results: The crude overall prevalence of any of the HR-HPVs was estimated at 13.1% (26/199; 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.1–18.5%), with HPV16 being the most common type (7/26, 26.9%), followed by HPV31 and HPV51, each detected in 4/26 (15.4%) cervical specimens, HPV18, detected in 3/26 (11.5%) specimens, HPV52 and HPV66, each detected in 2/26 (7.7%) specimens, and HPV33, HPV45, HPV56, and HPV58, each detected in a single (3.9%) specimen. Women over 40 (OR = 0.36), older than 18 at sexual debut (odds ratio (OR) = 0.28), those that had delivered at least one child (OR = 0.32), and those that had a history of pregnancy termination (OR = 0.39) were at lower risk for HPV infection.
Conclusion: Because more than 70% of cervical precancerous lesions could have been prevented in Kosovo using nationwide HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, it is of outmost importance to implement both programs in the national health care system as soon as possible.
Keywords
cervical cancer, high-risk human papillomaviruses, Kosovo, prevalence, vaccination
About this articleTitle
Pre-vaccination prevalence of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) in women from Kosovo and their related sociodemographic characteristics
Journal
Issue
Article type
Research paper
Pages
485-494
Published online
2018-09-28
Page views
1966
Article views/downloads
1206
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Ginekol Pol 2018;89(9):485-494.
Keywords
cervical cancer
high-risk human papillomaviruses
Kosovo
prevalence
vaccination
Authors
Pranvera Zejnullahu Raçi
Lea Hošnjak
Mario Poljak
Snježana Židovec Lepej
Adriana Vince
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