Progress in gynecological endocrinology

Abstract

Summary The following paper attempted to present key articles on gynaecological endocrinology, published in the last three years. The aim of this study was not to describe and discuss complex and detailed endocrinological disorders. The author assumed readers possess appropriate knowledge about the presented issues. Thus, only the following topics have been presented: discoveries, new scientific conceptions and recently revised consensus and guidelines, which may be essential for practical application in gynaecological endocrinology. During the period of time under scrutiny, the pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 regulating the expression and differentiation of human growth hormone, prolactin and TSH, and the mechanism of the regulation of somatotrophs' apoptosis via Ret receptor have been discovered and defined. Furthermore, the fact that nuclear protein HMGA2 induces formation of pituitary tumours has also been discovered. The paper emphasizes the practical value of research on side effects of the cabergoline. The consensus on diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been discussed, with emphasis on the role of hyperandrogenism as a necessary criterion to make a diagnosis. PCOS treatment with metformin and treatment of infertility in case of PCOS guidelines have been presented as well. In the last part of the paper, the care for peri- and postmenopausal women, especially the problems of systemic and local hormonal therapy, has been described. Polish Gynaecological Society Standards are stated as well.