Abstract Despite better care pregnant women receive nowadays, preterm birth and prematurity remain to be the reason of many complications and high mortality of neonates. Objective: The goal was to analyze the indications for cesarean sections delivery for very low birthweight (<1500g) newborns delivered in the I Department Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University in Lodz. Material: The data from 560 preterm caesarean sections were analyzed. Detailed analysis referring to 120 cesarean sections resulting in deliveries of very low birthweight neonates was performed. Maternal age, parity, neonatal weight and gestational age were assessed. The authors also assessed the number of cesarean sections performed for extremely low birthweight newborns, in particularly years and the rate of the indications in the groups of gestational age. Results: The greatest number of the cesarean sections was done between 26-35 years of age of the patients (68,4%) in 28-32 weeks of gestation (53,3%). The rate of cesarean section performed for very low birthweight neonates was 2,3% of preterm caesarean sections. Fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and the symptoms of intrauterine hypoxia were the indications for cesarean sections in 33,4% , multiple pregnancy in 17,5%, abnormal fetal presentation in 15,8%, intrauterine infection in 13,3% and placental abruption in 11,7% of cases. The rate of the other indications was 11,7% of cases. Conclusions: In our material the most frequent indication for the cesarean section for very low birthweight neonates was fetal growth restriction with the symptoms of intrauterine hypoxia.