Clinical and histopathological factors in patients with cervical cancer allowing to identify candidates for less radical surgery

Abstract

Objective: To determine clinical and histopathological factors in patients with cervical cancer tumors smaller than 2cm in order to identify those who could be operated less extensively with preservation of reproductive organs and lower morbidity. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with cervical cancer and a maximum tumor of 2cm in diameter who were qualified for primary surgery in the years 2001-2007 at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center in Warsaw. Results: From the group of 110 operated patients, 96 were included into the study. Within the analyzed group the infiltration of the parametrium was found in 4 women (4.2%). All of them had squamous cell cancer; stage IB, grade G3. One patient had a tumor 1.5cm in diameter and 3 patients had tumors up to 2cm in diameter. The involvement of lymph nodes was observed in 3 patients with squamous cell carcinoma: in one case the tumor was intermediate grade (G2) and in two cases low grade (G3). The lymph nodes were involved only in patients with tumors greater than 0.5cm. The lymph vascular space invasion was found in 14 patients (14.7%): in 12 with squamous cell cancer and in 2 with adenocarcinoma. The diameter of the tumor was 0.5-1cm in 4 women, 1-1.4cm in 3 women and 1.5-2cm in the majority (7 women accounted for 29% of all patients in that group). No infiltration of the blood vessels could be seen in all 30 women with tumors smaller than 0.5cm. We found a statistically significant relationship between the size of the tumor and the incidence of lymph vascular space invasion (p=0.024). Conclusion: In selective cases fertility organ preserving surgery is possible and safe. In the group of patients with tumor less than 5 mm in diameter no parametrium involvement or lymph metastases were observed. In such situation cervical conisation can be justified. In well-differentiated (G1) tumors less than 2 cm in diameter, less radical surgical procedures can also be performed because no treatment failure has been observed .