Treatment of twin to twin transfusion syndrome – comparison of two therapeutic methods – amnioreduction and lasertherapy

Abstract

Background: Twin to twin transfusion syndrome occurs in 15% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Untreated, TTTS has been reported to have a mortality of nearly 100%. Two main therapies include serial amnioreduction and fetoscopic laser coagulation for the vascular anastomoses. Objectives: The aim of the project was to investigate the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in pregnancies complicated by TTTS. Additionally, the study was supposed to compare non – invasive and invasive methods of treatment and to show antenatal and postnatal follow – up to 4 months of age. Methods: 42 pregnant women with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome were assigned to laser therapy using diode laser and 33 pregnant women underwent only several amnioreductions. Selected parameters characterizing the pregnancy were compared in both groups. Results: In the amnioreduction group, the perinatal survival rate seven days after the delivery was 31.8%. The survival rate of at least one twin was 39.4%. As compared to the amnioreduction group, in the laser group the survival rate of at least one twin was observed in 31 cases (31/42) and it was equal to 74%. Neurological complications in the amninoreduction group were obsereved in 19% (4/21) of cases, in the laser group and in 5% (2/40) of neonates at 4 months of age. Conclusions: Currently, the preferred and only method that addresses the cause of the disease is the endoscopic laser coagulation of anastomoses. Comparison of the two treatments shows better outcomes with higher survival rates and minor neurological defects in cases treated with laser coagulation.