Agenesis of the ductus venosus – an irrelevant anomaly or a severe clinical problem?

Abstract

Background: Ductus venosus is the fetal blood vessel connecting the abdominal portion of the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava. Numerous studies have confirmed the important role of this vessel in fetal circulation. There are, however, cases when finding the ductus venosus during an ultrasound examination is impossible. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the fate of fetuses with known ductus venosus agenesis and its severity in fetal life. Material and methods: 17 fetuses from singleton pregnancies with agenesis of the ductus venosus were observed and followed up. Results: A total of 3 intrauterine deaths, preceded by fetal hydrops and signs of heart failure, were observed in the study group. One newborn required cardiac care after birth. In the majority of cases with ductus venosus agenesis, where no accompanying developmental anomalies were found, prognosis for the fetus and the newborn was good. Conclusions: Cases of ductus venosus agenesis should be directed to and followed up in referral centers, where adequate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can be undertaken.