Vol 10, No 4 (2017)
Review articles
Published online: 2017-12-29

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Kidney involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome

Zbigniew Zdrojewski1, Łukasz Zdrojewski
Forum Nefrologiczne 2017;10(4):241-249.

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis, obstetrical complications, and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Kidney in­volvement is not included in the APS diagnostic criteria, whereas in 10–40% of APS cases kidney vessels are affected. What is more, in catastrophic APS kidney in­volvement reaches 70%. APS is rarely detected at early stage of kidney involvement due to non-characteristic symptoms, that include changes in urine sediment and moderate hypertension. In this paper pathogenesis of APS nephropathy, and its clinical and pathologic mani­festations are discussed. Finally, current recommenda­tions in therapy and prophylaxis are presented.

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