open access

Vol 9, No 4 (2023)
Case report
Published online: 2023-09-25
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Double trouble combat grenade allergic contact dermatitis

Agata Karny1, Julia Nowowiejska1, Julia Kobylińska1, Zuzanna Panas1, Anna Baran1, Iwona Flisiak1
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Forum Dermatologicum 2023;9(4):152-153.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland

open access

Vol 9, No 4 (2023)
CASE STUDY
Published online: 2023-09-25

Abstract

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a frequent inflammatory and the most common type of occupational skin disease. Chloroacetophenone(CN) has been one of the most typical riot control agents known since the end of the First World War. It is used by the armed andpolice forces and as pocket tear gas for personal protection. However, it is considered to be safe and, therefore, should not cause fatalhealth effects. Although CN is stated to provoke ACD, there are only a few cases found in the literature similar to the one shown below.

Abstract

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a frequent inflammatory and the most common type of occupational skin disease. Chloroacetophenone(CN) has been one of the most typical riot control agents known since the end of the First World War. It is used by the armed andpolice forces and as pocket tear gas for personal protection. However, it is considered to be safe and, therefore, should not cause fatalhealth effects. Although CN is stated to provoke ACD, there are only a few cases found in the literature similar to the one shown below.

Get Citation

Keywords

dermatitis, allergic contact, tear gases, chloroacetophenone

About this article
Title

Double trouble combat grenade allergic contact dermatitis

Journal

Forum Dermatologicum

Issue

Vol 9, No 4 (2023)

Article type

Case report

Pages

152-153

Published online

2023-09-25

Page views

415

Article views/downloads

234

DOI

10.5603/fd.96951

Bibliographic record

Forum Dermatologicum 2023;9(4):152-153.

Keywords

dermatitis
allergic contact
tear gases
chloroacetophenone

Authors

Agata Karny
Julia Nowowiejska
Julia Kobylińska
Zuzanna Panas
Anna Baran
Iwona Flisiak

References (10)
  1. Tidwell RD, Wills BK. Tear gas and pepper spray toxicity. StatPearls Publishing, StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL) 2023.
  2. Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, McBride DI. Riot control agents: the tear gases CN, CS and OC-a medical review. J R Army Med Corps. 2015; 161(2): 94–99.
  3. Quiroga-Garza ME, Ruiz-Lozano RE, Azar NS, et al. Noxious effects of riot control agents on the ocular surface: pathogenic mechanisms and management. Front Toxicol. 2023; 5: 1118731.
  4. Brand CU, Schmidli J, Ballmer-Weber B, et al. [Lymphocyte stimulation test, a possible alternative for verifying chloroacetophenone sensitization]. Hautarzt. 1995; 46(10): 702–704.
  5. Goh CL. Allergic contact dermatitis to mace tear gas. Australas J Dermatol. 1987; 28(3): 115–116.
  6. Kanerva L, Tarvainen K, Pinola A, et al. A single accidental exposure may result in a chemical burn, primary sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1994; 31(4): 229–235.
  7. Leenutaphong V, Goerz G. Allergic contact dermatitis from chloroacetophenone (tear gas). Contact Dermatitis. 1989; 20(4): 316.
  8. King K, Tunget C, Turchen S, et al. Severe contact dermatitis from chemical mace containing 1-Chloroacetophenone. Journal Toxicol: Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol. 2008; 14(2): 57–62.
  9. Pfeiff B. [Contact dermatitis due to chloroacetophenone (tear gas)]. Z Hautkr. 1985; 60(1–2): 178–180, 183–184.
  10. Lam RP, Wong KWa, Wan CK. Allergic contact dermatitis and tracheobronchitis associated with repeated exposure to tear gas. Lancet. 2020; 396(10247): e12.

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