open access
Double trouble combat grenade allergic contact dermatitis
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
open access
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a frequent inflammatory and the most common type of occupational skin disease. Chloroacetophenone(CN) has been one of the most typical riot control agents known since the end of the First World War. It is used by the armed andpolice forces and as pocket tear gas for personal protection. However, it is considered to be safe and, therefore, should not cause fatalhealth effects. Although CN is stated to provoke ACD, there are only a few cases found in the literature similar to the one shown below.
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a frequent inflammatory and the most common type of occupational skin disease. Chloroacetophenone(CN) has been one of the most typical riot control agents known since the end of the First World War. It is used by the armed andpolice forces and as pocket tear gas for personal protection. However, it is considered to be safe and, therefore, should not cause fatalhealth effects. Although CN is stated to provoke ACD, there are only a few cases found in the literature similar to the one shown below.
Keywords
dermatitis, allergic contact, tear gases, chloroacetophenone
Title
Double trouble combat grenade allergic contact dermatitis
Journal
Issue
Article type
Case report
Pages
152-153
Published online
2023-09-25
Page views
415
Article views/downloads
234
DOI
Bibliographic record
Forum Dermatologicum 2023;9(4):152-153.
Keywords
dermatitis
allergic contact
tear gases
chloroacetophenone
Authors
Agata Karny
Julia Nowowiejska
Julia Kobylińska
Zuzanna Panas
Anna Baran
Iwona Flisiak
- Tidwell RD, Wills BK. Tear gas and pepper spray toxicity. StatPearls Publishing, StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL) 2023.
- Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, McBride DI. Riot control agents: the tear gases CN, CS and OC-a medical review. J R Army Med Corps. 2015; 161(2): 94–99.
- Quiroga-Garza ME, Ruiz-Lozano RE, Azar NS, et al. Noxious effects of riot control agents on the ocular surface: pathogenic mechanisms and management. Front Toxicol. 2023; 5: 1118731.
- Brand CU, Schmidli J, Ballmer-Weber B, et al. [Lymphocyte stimulation test, a possible alternative for verifying chloroacetophenone sensitization]. Hautarzt. 1995; 46(10): 702–704.
- Goh CL. Allergic contact dermatitis to mace tear gas. Australas J Dermatol. 1987; 28(3): 115–116.
- Kanerva L, Tarvainen K, Pinola A, et al. A single accidental exposure may result in a chemical burn, primary sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1994; 31(4): 229–235.
- Leenutaphong V, Goerz G. Allergic contact dermatitis from chloroacetophenone (tear gas). Contact Dermatitis. 1989; 20(4): 316.
- King K, Tunget C, Turchen S, et al. Severe contact dermatitis from chemical mace containing 1-Chloroacetophenone. Journal Toxicol: Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol. 2008; 14(2): 57–62.
- Pfeiff B. [Contact dermatitis due to chloroacetophenone (tear gas)]. Z Hautkr. 1985; 60(1–2): 178–180, 183–184.
- Lam RP, Wong KWa, Wan CK. Allergic contact dermatitis and tracheobronchitis associated with repeated exposure to tear gas. Lancet. 2020; 396(10247): e12.