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Published online: 2024-10-28

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A rare multifocal juvenile xanthogranuloma sought between the lines

Anna Baran12, Julia Kobylińska1, Marharyta Vezhnavets1, Magdalena Kamińska3, Marcin Płonowski3, Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak3, Jadwiga Małdyk4, Iwona Flisiak1

Abstract

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare disease but the most common non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. It usually presents as a solitary yellowish nodule located on the head or neck or fewer, as multiple disseminated nodules. Extracutaneous inclusions are rare. Pinkish or yellowish papules in a child might be misleading and extend the right diagnosis. Although rare, JXG should be included in the differential diagnosis. Given that JXG has many faces and extracutaneous involvement is possible, patients should be subjected to in-depth diagnostics. Systemic multifocal involvement in JXG is potentially fatal and the course of the disease depends on the location of lesions. A multidisciplinary approach within chemotherapy, surgical or immunosuppressive treatment is recommended.

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