open access
Morphological evaluation and clinical significance of the supracondylar process and supratrochlear foramen: an anatomic and radiological study
, 2, 3, 1, 3
Affiliations- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
open access
Abstract
Background: In our literature review, we did not encounter any study examining
the supracondylar process (SP) and the supratrochlear foramen (STF) with
a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method. The present study aimed to
evaluate SP and STF morphologically by employing the 3D reconstruction method
and emphasize their clinical significance.
Materials and methods: The research was carried out on dried human humeri
of unknown sex and without pathological alterations. A total of 81 humeri
(42 right, 39 left) were obtained from the Departments of Anatomy of Gazi
University Faculty of Medicine and Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Medicine.
The morphometric measurements of SP and STF were made with a digital vernier
calliper. The computed tomography images acquired for radiological evaluation
were analysed with the 3D reconstruction method.
Results: The narrower distal medullary canal widths of humeri with STF were
found to be statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found
between the transverse diameters (TD), vertical diameters (VD), the distance of
the medial edge to the medial epicondyle, and the distance of the lateral edge to
the lateral epicondyle of the supratrochlear foramen of the right and left humeri.
Conclusions: The supracondylar process is often evaluated by mistake as
a pathological condition of the bone, not as a normal anatomical variation.
Knowing different shapes and dimensions, e.g. the TD and VD distance in which
STF emerges, can assist in avoiding the misinterpretation of radiographs.
Abstract
Background: In our literature review, we did not encounter any study examining
the supracondylar process (SP) and the supratrochlear foramen (STF) with
a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method. The present study aimed to
evaluate SP and STF morphologically by employing the 3D reconstruction method
and emphasize their clinical significance.
Materials and methods: The research was carried out on dried human humeri
of unknown sex and without pathological alterations. A total of 81 humeri
(42 right, 39 left) were obtained from the Departments of Anatomy of Gazi
University Faculty of Medicine and Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Medicine.
The morphometric measurements of SP and STF were made with a digital vernier
calliper. The computed tomography images acquired for radiological evaluation
were analysed with the 3D reconstruction method.
Results: The narrower distal medullary canal widths of humeri with STF were
found to be statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found
between the transverse diameters (TD), vertical diameters (VD), the distance of
the medial edge to the medial epicondyle, and the distance of the lateral edge to
the lateral epicondyle of the supratrochlear foramen of the right and left humeri.
Conclusions: The supracondylar process is often evaluated by mistake as
a pathological condition of the bone, not as a normal anatomical variation.
Knowing different shapes and dimensions, e.g. the TD and VD distance in which
STF emerges, can assist in avoiding the misinterpretation of radiographs.
Keywords
supracondylar process, supratrochlear foramen, three-dimensional reconstruction
About this articleTitle
Morphological evaluation and clinical significance of the supracondylar process and supratrochlear foramen: an anatomic and radiological study
Journal
Issue
Article type
Original article
Pages
869-874
Published online
2022-10-28
Page views
763
Article views/downloads
523
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2023;82(4):869-874.
Keywords
supracondylar process
supratrochlear foramen
three-dimensional reconstruction
Authors
Z. K. Coşkun
A. Erkaya
T. Kuçlu
T. V. Peker
F. N. Baran Aksakal
References (27)- Adachi B. Das Arterien System Der Japaner. Verlag der Kaiserlich-Japanishcen Universitat, Kyoto 1928.
- Ananthi K, Manickam S, Vaithianathan G, et al. Study of intercondyloid foramen of humerus. Rev Arg de Anat Clin. 2011; 3(1): 32–36.
- Benfer RA, McKern TW. The correlation of bone robusticity with the perforation of the coronoid-olecranon septum in the humerus of man. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1966; 24(2): 247–252.
- Bhanu PS, Sankar KD. Anatomical note of supratrochlear foramen of humerus in south costal population of Andhra Pradesh. NMJ. 1970; 1(2): 28–34.
- Camerlinck M, Vanhoenacker FM, Kiekens G. Ultrasound demonstration of Struthers' ligament. J Clin Ultrasound. 2010; 38(9): 499–502.
- Chagas CAa, Gutfiten-Schlesinger G, Leite TF, et al. Anatomical and Radiological Aspects of the Supratrochlear Foramen in Brazilians. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(9): AC10–AC13.
- Çimen M, Koşar Y, Sönmez M. Humerus’ta apertura septalis ile ilgili bir araştırma (A study on the aperture septalis in the humerus). Antropoloji. 2003; 14: 20–23.
- Erdogmus S, Guler M, Eroglu S, et al. The importance of the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus in humans: an anatomical study. Med Sci Monit. 2014; 20: 2643–2650.
- Glanville EV. Perforation of the coronoid-olecranon septum. Humero-ulnar relationships in Netherlands and African populations. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1967; 26(1): 85–92.
- Gray H, Williams PL, Bannister LH. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery. 38 ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1995.
- Gupta RK, Mehta CD. A study of the incidence of supracondylar process of the humerus. J Anat Soc India. 2008; 57: 111–115.
- Kate BR, Dubey PN. A note on the septal apertures in the humerus in the humerus of Central Indians. Eastern Anthropol. 1970; 33: 105–110.
- Macalister A. Anatomical notes and quaries. Series II. 1. Perforate humeri in ancient Egyptian skeletons. J Anat Phys. 1990; 35: 121–122.
- Natsis K. Supracondylar process of the humerus: study on 375 Caucasian subjects in Cologne, Germany. Clin Anat. 2008; 21(2): 138–141.
- Nayak SR, Das S, Krishnamurthy A, et al. Supratrochlear foramen of the humerus: an anatomico-radiological study with clinical implications. Ups J Med Sci. 2009; 114(2): 90–94.
- Ndou R, Maharaj S, Schepartz LA. A radiographic investigation of the relationships between humeral cortical bone thickness, medullary canal width and the supratrochlear aperture (STA). Surg Radiol Anat. 2017; 39(1): 57–68.
- Ndou R, Smith P, Gemell R, et al. The supratrochlear foramen of the humerus in a South African dry bone sample. Clin Anat. 2013; 26(7): 870–874.
- Oluyemi K, Okwuonu U, Adesanya O, et al. Supracondylar and infratubercular processes observed in the humeri of Nigerians. Afr J Biotechnol. 2007; 6(21): 2439–2441.
- Papaloucas C, Papaloucas M, Stergioula A. Rare cases of humerus septal apertures in greeks. Trends Med Res. 2011; 6(3): 178–183.
- Paraskevas GK, Papaziogas B, Tzaveas A, et al. The supratrochlear foramen of the humerus and its relation to the medullary canal: a potential surgical application. Med Sci Monit. 2010; 16(4): BR119–123.
- Prabahita B, Pradipta RC, Talukdar KL. A study of supracondylar process of humerus. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2012; 1(5): 817–822.
- Ravi V, Patil SP. Study of supracondylar process of humerus. Int J Health Allied Sci. 2014; 3(2): 134–136.
- Shivaleela C, Afroze KH, S L. An osteological study of supratrochlear foramen of humerus of south Indian population with reference to anatomical and clinical implications. Anat Cell Biol. 2016; 49(4): 249–253.
- Shivaleela C, Suresh B, Kumar G, et al. Morphological study of the supracondylar process of the humerus and its clinical implications. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8(1): 1–3.
- Silva FA, Silva TS, Souza P, et al. Morphological and morphometric study of the supratrochlear foramen. J Morphol Sci. 2018; 35(01): 54–57.
- Symeonides PP. The humerus supracondylar process syndrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1972; 82: 141–143.
- Uyaroglu FG, Kayalıoglu G, Erturk M. Processus supracondylaris humeri. Med J Goztepe Training Res Hospital. 2005; 20: 222–225.
