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An extremely rare complete bilateral duplication of inferior vena cava in a male cadaver: anatomy, embryology and clinical relevance
, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1
Affiliations- Clinical Anatomy Lab., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Khalid University Hospital, King Fahad Cardiac Centre, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The study presented an extremely rare case of real complete bilateral duplication of inferior vena cava (IVC) in a male cadaver which has never been reported before. Both IVC had approximately the same diameter. The right IVC drained into the right atrium; the left IVC continued as hemiazygos vein and drained into the superior vena cava. Three anastomotic venous channels, a cranial preaortic, a middle and a caudal retroaortic, joined both vessels. Multiple variations in the way of drainage of posterior intercostal veins, on both sides, were also present. The present report invalidates an old classification defining the two vessels when joined at the level of the renal veins as complete bilateral duplication of IVC. Although the presence of combination of venous variations is extremely rare, awareness of such variations is essential for clinical and surgical procedures to avoid misdiagnosis and surgical complications.
Abstract
The study presented an extremely rare case of real complete bilateral duplication of inferior vena cava (IVC) in a male cadaver which has never been reported before. Both IVC had approximately the same diameter. The right IVC drained into the right atrium; the left IVC continued as hemiazygos vein and drained into the superior vena cava. Three anastomotic venous channels, a cranial preaortic, a middle and a caudal retroaortic, joined both vessels. Multiple variations in the way of drainage of posterior intercostal veins, on both sides, were also present. The present report invalidates an old classification defining the two vessels when joined at the level of the renal veins as complete bilateral duplication of IVC. Although the presence of combination of venous variations is extremely rare, awareness of such variations is essential for clinical and surgical procedures to avoid misdiagnosis and surgical complications.
Keywords
double inferior vena cava, rare variant, cadaveric study, clinical relevance, embryology
About this articleTitle
An extremely rare complete bilateral duplication of inferior vena cava in a male cadaver: anatomy, embryology and clinical relevance
Journal
Issue
Article type
Case report
Pages
247-253
Published online
2021-02-23
Page views
5739
Article views/downloads
1410
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2022;81(1):247-253.
Keywords
double inferior vena cava
rare variant
cadaveric study
clinical relevance
embryology
Authors
S. Shaheen
K. I. Alyahya
A. F. El Fouhil
E.E. A. Salama
M. Atteya
F. Elshaer
H. Darwish
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