A case of individual variation of the rhomboid muscles
, 2
Abstract
During the routine gross anatomic dissection of a Turkish male cadaver; a variation of rhomboid muscles was observed on the left side. There were two rhomboid minors and three rhomboid majors coursing under the trapezius muscle. The origins of the upper and lower rhomboid minor muscles were C5, C6 and C7 vertebrae, respectively. Their insertions were to medial border of scapula, to upper part and to lower part of the spine of scapula, respectively. The origins of the upper, middle and lower rhomboid majors were C7, T1–T3 and T4–T5 vertebrae, respectively. Their insertions were to the 2/3 most inferior part of the medial border of scapula, from superior to inferior in sequence. In the examination of the literature, we could not observe such a variation of these muscles. In surgical procedures these types of variations have a clinical importance for intrathoracic muscle flap transfers and in cases with the paralysis of trapezius muscle.
Keywords: dissectionanatomycadaver
References
- Chang KV, Wu WT, Mezian K, et al. Sonoanatomy of muscles attaching to the medial scapular border (levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and serratus anterior) revisited. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019; 98(7): e79–e80.
- Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. Fourth Edition. Saunders 2009: 84.
- Grima R, Krassas A, Bagan P, et al. Treatment of complicated pulmonary aspergillomas with cavernostomy and muscle flap: interest of concomitant limited thoracoplasty. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009; 36(5): 910–913.
- Jelev L, Landzhov B. A rare muscular variation: the third of the rhomboids. (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) Anatomy . 2013; 6-7: 63–64.
- Mori M. Statistics on the musculature of the Japanese. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1964; 40: 195–300.
- Romero J, Gerber C. Levator scapulae and rhomboid transfer for paralysis of trapezius. The Eden-Lange procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003; 85(8): 1141–1145.
- Saberi M, Pu Q, Valasek P, et al. The hypaxial origin of the epaxially located rhomboid muscles. Ann Anat. 2017; 214: 15–20.
- Standring S. Gray’s Anatomy. 41. ed. Elsevier 2016: 818.
- Von Haffner H. Eine seltene doppelseitige Anomalie des Trapezius. Internationale Monatsschrift für Anatomie und Physiologie. 1903; 20: 213–218 (as cited by Jelev L., Landzhov B. A rare muscular variation: the third of the rhomboids. International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy 2013; 6-7: 63–64, doi: 10.2399/ana.11.218).
