The morphological investigations on the heart and some vessels of bovine foetus between the 15th and 25th weeks of gestation
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to define the morphological and morphometric development of the foetus heart obtained from the domestic cattle in the gestation period of 15–25 weeks.
Materials and methods: For this purpose, a total of 30 hearts belonging to cattle foetuses (15 males, 15 females) were used. The ages of foetuses were calculated according to the forehead-to-tail length and examined in three different groups. After dissection; biometric, macroanatomic, morphometric and histological findings were obtained from the foetal hearts according to the groups. In addition, mean values of the morphometric findings were determined.
Results: As a result of the study, it was found that with the advancing age the convexity of margo ventricularis dexter increased and margo ventricularis sinister transformed from a convex-concave shape to a flat shape. The heart-to-body weight ratio was determined as 0.08% for Group II female foetuses and 0.09% for all other groups. The heart heights for Groups I, II, and III females were identified as 26.21, 41.00, and 46.27 mm, respectively, and for the males 26.45, 34.89, and 47.15 mm, respectively. In the statistical analysis, it was determined that all the morphometric values measured from the heart correlated significantly with the forehead-to-tail length.
Conclusions: The data obtained as a result of the study is thought to help understand the morphological and morphometrical development of the heart, pioneer the attempts to create a foetal cattle heart model, and thus help in the diagnosis of the foetal heart pathologies.acielecka
Keywords: bovine foetusheartmacroanatomymorphologymorphometry
References
- Abdel-Raouf M, El-Naggar MA. Further study of the biometry and development of the Egyptian buffalo foetus. UARJ Vet Sci. 1970; 7: 125–140.
- Abdelwahid E, Pelliniemi LJ, Jokinen E. Cell death and differentiation in the development of the endocardial cushion of the embryonic heart. Microsc Res Tech. 2002; 58(5): 395–403.
- Anuradha. Anatomical, Histomorphological and Histochemical studies on Prenatal Development of Heart in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. Dissertation, Ludhiana. 2009; 141004.
- Balogh E, Sótonyi P. Histological studies on embryonic development of the rabbit heart. Acta Vet Hung. 2003; 51(1): 1–13.
- Braun U, Linggi T, Pospischil A. Histological and morphological observations of cattle. Circulation. 1999; 142: 120–125.
- Chakravarthy YS, Sastry AP. A note on the morphology of goat’s heart and its coronary arterial circulation. Indian J Animal Sciences. 1979; 49(6): 485–487.
- Crick SJ, Sheppard MN, Ho SY, et al. Anatomy of the pig heart: comparisons with normal human cardiac structure. J Anat. 1998; 193 ( Pt 1): 105–119.
- Erdogan S, Kilinc M. The morphometric development and arterial vascularization of bovine fetal kidneys in the prenatal period. Ann Anat. 2011; 193(6): 530–538.
- Erdoğan S, Kılınç M. May the fetal kidney measurements be collateral criteria on the prediction of gestational age in cattle? Eurasian J Veterinary Sciences. 2012; 28(2): 69–76.
- Getty R. General heart and blood vessels. In Sisson and Grossman’s the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. Editor: Getty R 5 (ed). WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia London. 1975: 164–175.
- Gupta A, Bansal N, Uppal V. Embryonic Development of Heart in Indian Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Int Sch Res Notices. 2014; 2014: 293675.
- Gupta SK, Pathak A, Farooqui MM, et al. Prenatal development of heart of goat (Capra hircus): Morphometric observations. J Animal Res. 2018; 8(1): 155–162.
- Gürbüz İ. Tuj ve Hemşin Koyunlarında Kalp ve Koroner Damarlar Üzerine Makroanatomik Araştırmalar. Kafkas Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi, Kars. 2015.
- Johnson MH, Everitt BJ. Implantation and establishment of the placenta. In: Johnson, MH, Everitt BJ (Eds), Essential Reproduction. Blackwell Science. 1995: 161–180.
- Junqueria LC, Carneiro J, Abrahamsohn PA, et al. Basic Histology. Tenth Edition, Mc Graw- Hill Companies, USA. 2003.
- Karaöz E. Özel Histoloji. Süleymen Demirel Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1-8, Isparta. 2002.
- Kierszenbaum AL. Histoloji ve Hücre Biyolojisi. Çeviri editörü Ramazan Demir, Patolojiye Giriş. Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara. 2006: 192-196. : 321–323.
- Kotch T. Lebrbuch der Veterinar – Anatomie, Band III: Die Grossen Versorgungs and Steuerungs Systeme Jena, Germany, VHB Gustav Fischer Verlag. (fide Sisson and Grossman): 1970.
- Lee JC, Taylor FN, Downing SE. A comparison of ventricular weights and geometry in newborn, young, and adult mammals. J Appl Physiol. 1975; 38(1): 147–150.
- Machida N, Yasuda J, Too K. A morphometric study of foetal and newborn cardiac growth in the horse. Equine Vet J. 1988; 20(4): 261–267.
- Malik MR, Shrivastava AM, Thakur MS. A note on the biometry of caprine heart. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 1978; 48(9): 686–687.
- Malik MR, Tiwari GP, Singh AP, et al. Biometry of the heart of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Indian J Animal Science. 1972; 42(12): 1004–1006.
- Mohan M, Prakash BS. Observations on the anatomy of the heart of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Animal Veterinary Advances. 1997; 2: 259–270.
- Nickel RA, Schummer A, Seiferle E. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. Volume 3, the circulatory system, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin Hamburg. 1981.
- Noakes DE, Parkinson TJ, England GCW. Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics, 9th edn. Saunders. 2009.
- Ocal MK, Cakir A. Morphometric studies on hearts and coronary arteries of the fetal and adult oxen. Anat Histol Embryol. 1993; 22(4): 309–312.
- Özer A. Veteriner Özel Histoloji, Nobel Yayın ve Dağıtım Tic. Şti, Ankara. 2016: 25–38.
- Panhwar SP, Rind MM, Khan H, et al. Gross anatomical studies on normal heart of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Int Agriculture Biol. 2007; 9(1): 162–166.
- Pasquini C, Spurgeon T, Pasquini S. Anatomy of Domestic Animals. 9th edn, Sudz Publishers, USA. 2003: 381–403.
- Rajpal DK. Pre and post hatch morpho-histogenesis of heart in fowl (Gallus domesticus) (M.S. thesis), Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, India. 1990.
- Resch BA, Papp JG. [Increase in weight and changes in the heart weight/body weight quotient of the embryonic heart in early pregnancy]. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1984; 106(4): 254–260.
- Riding GA, Lehnert SA, French AJ, et al. Conceptus-related measurements during the first trimester of bovine pregnancy. Vet J. 2008; 175(2): 266–272.
- Ross MH. Histology: A Text and Atlas: With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology. 7th Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. 2015.
- Sathyamoorthy OR. Anatomy of the heart in pigs (Sus domesticus). [Ph.D. dissertation], Chennai, India. 2003.
- Senos R, Benedicto HG, del Rio do Valle CM, et al. Gross morphometry of the heart of the Common marmoset. Folia Morphol. 2014; 73(1): 37–41.
- Sheldon M. Bovine fertility - practical implications of the maternal recognition of pregnancy. In Practice. 1997; 19(10): 546–556.
- Sutton MGS, Raichlen JS, Reichek N, et al. Quantitative assessment of right and left ventricular growth in the human fetal heart: a pathoanatomic study. Circulation. 1984; 70(6): 935–941.
- Szuba Z, Babula Z, Kalisińska E. [Cardiac weight in cattle (Bos taurus L.) during early fetal development]. Pol Arch Weter. 1986; 26(1-2): 163–168.
- Szuba Z, Babula Z, Kalisińska E. [Heart weight of the cattle (Bos taurus L.) in the middle and late periods of fetal development]. Pol Arch Weter. 1987; 27(4): 109–116.
- Vincze B, Gáspárdy A, Kovács L, et al. Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung. 2017; 65(1): 60–65.
- Wilmut I, Sales DI, Ashworth CJ. Maternal and embryonic factors associated with prenatal loss in mammals. J Reprod Fertil. 1986; 76(2): 851–864.
- Webb S, Qayyum SR, Anderson RH, et al. Septation and separation within the outflow tract of the developing heart. J Anat. 2003; 202(4): 327–342.
