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Vol 77, No 4 (2018)
Original article
Submitted: 2018-01-18
Accepted: 2018-04-04
Published online: 2018-04-10
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Miratü’lEbdan Fi Teşrih-i Azaül-İnsan: first printed illustrated anatomy book in Ottoman-Turkish medicine

G. Ortug1, A. Ortug2, N.K. Kurt3
·
Pubmed: 29651793
·
Folia Morphol 2018;77(4):764-770.
Affiliations
  1. Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Istanbul, Türkiye
  2. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
  3. maltepe University Sçhool of Medicine Department of History Of Medicine and Ethics

open access

Vol 77, No 4 (2018)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Submitted: 2018-01-18
Accepted: 2018-04-04
Published online: 2018-04-10

Abstract

Background: Medical education in Ottoman-Turkish medicine was shaped by the influence of Claudius Galenus (c.130–c.210) and Ibn-i Sina (c.980–c.1037). These teachings were performed in madrasahs until the beginning of the 19th century. Within the scope of master-apprentice relationship, medical training was also given in private clinics. As a result of religious and social pressures on scientific studies, human cadavers were never used because they were considered sacred. For centuries, all books were handwritten in the Ottoman Empire until the first printing press was established in Istanbul during 1726. However, the first illustrated book on anatomy was not printed until another 100 years later.

Materials and methods: A comparative study was conducted on the anatomical drawings in “Miratü’l Ebdan Fi Teşrih-i Azau’l İnsan” (Ataullah ŞM, 17th), and significance of this book.

Results: Forty-six out of 56 figures were received from the book of physician and anatomist Jean Palfin (1650–1730). Remaining 9 figures were cited from author himself as collected from Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697–1170), Raymond Vieussens (1614–1715), R. Drake (1667–1707), Clopton Havers (1657–1702), Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777), Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648–1730). The figures were drawn exactly the same way with minimal changes. Main text of the book is mostly translation from Italian edition of Bertin and Palfin’s Works. The book is not only the first printed anatomical book but also the first printed work in Ottoman-Turkish medicine. Another very significant aspect of the illustrations are perspective drawing figures which differ from miniature style drawings of the past.

Conclusions: Şânîzade Ataullah’s work has a significant value not only for being the first printed illustrated anatomy book which makes it more approachable but also for providing anatomical drawings as illustrations not as miniature style painting.

Abstract

Background: Medical education in Ottoman-Turkish medicine was shaped by the influence of Claudius Galenus (c.130–c.210) and Ibn-i Sina (c.980–c.1037). These teachings were performed in madrasahs until the beginning of the 19th century. Within the scope of master-apprentice relationship, medical training was also given in private clinics. As a result of religious and social pressures on scientific studies, human cadavers were never used because they were considered sacred. For centuries, all books were handwritten in the Ottoman Empire until the first printing press was established in Istanbul during 1726. However, the first illustrated book on anatomy was not printed until another 100 years later.

Materials and methods: A comparative study was conducted on the anatomical drawings in “Miratü’l Ebdan Fi Teşrih-i Azau’l İnsan” (Ataullah ŞM, 17th), and significance of this book.

Results: Forty-six out of 56 figures were received from the book of physician and anatomist Jean Palfin (1650–1730). Remaining 9 figures were cited from author himself as collected from Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697–1170), Raymond Vieussens (1614–1715), R. Drake (1667–1707), Clopton Havers (1657–1702), Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777), Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648–1730). The figures were drawn exactly the same way with minimal changes. Main text of the book is mostly translation from Italian edition of Bertin and Palfin’s Works. The book is not only the first printed anatomical book but also the first printed work in Ottoman-Turkish medicine. Another very significant aspect of the illustrations are perspective drawing figures which differ from miniature style drawings of the past.

Conclusions: Şânîzade Ataullah’s work has a significant value not only for being the first printed illustrated anatomy book which makes it more approachable but also for providing anatomical drawings as illustrations not as miniature style painting.

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Keywords

Şânîzade Ataullah Mehmed Efendi, Chani-zadeh, Ottoman- -Turkish medicine, history of anatomy

About this article
Title

Miratü’lEbdan Fi Teşrih-i Azaül-İnsan: first printed illustrated anatomy book in Ottoman-Turkish medicine

Journal

Folia Morphologica

Issue

Vol 77, No 4 (2018)

Article type

Original article

Pages

764-770

Published online

2018-04-10

Page views

4148

Article views/downloads

1157

DOI

10.5603/FM.a2018.0038

Pubmed

29651793

Bibliographic record

Folia Morphol 2018;77(4):764-770.

Keywords

Şânîzade Ataullah Mehmed Efendi
Chani-zadeh
Ottoman- -Turkish medicine
history of anatomy

Authors

G. Ortug
A. Ortug
N.K. Kurt

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