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The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans
Affiliations- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Piano, Harpsichord and Organ, The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music, Poland, ul. Okólnik 2, 00-368 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Choir Conducting, Music Education, Church Music, Rhythmics and Dance, The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music, Poland, ul. Okólnik 2, 00-368 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery in Bogdanowicz Children’s Hospital, Poland, ul. Niekłańska 4/24, 03-924 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Background: The aim of this work was to describe morphology and morphometry of musculus palmaris longus and compare the outcome of Shaeffer’s test with ultrasound imaging.
Materials and methods: Forty forearms of 20 healthy volunteers (11 females, 9 males) were tested by Shaeffer’s test and ultrasound imaging. Anthropological measurements of the forearm and ultrasound guided measurements of musculus palmaris longus were taken. The outcome was tested for statistical significance
by Fisher’s test.
Results: The examination revealed agenesis of palmaris longus in 6 cases, as well as 6 muscles showing quality variations. The Shaeffer’s test gave 4 false-negative results. 28 muscles were described as spindle-shaped and 8 as pennated or bipennated. However, all the spindle-shaped muscles demonstrated a tendon going inside of the muscle’s belly ranging from 2 cm to 11.5 cm. The relation between the circumference of the forearm right below the elbow (mean: 15.38 cm, SD: 1.83 cm) and the approximated volume of the palmaris longus muscle’s belly
(mean: 4.72 cm3, SD: 1.57 cm3) proved to be statistically significant (Fisher’s test p-value < 0.05).
Conclusions: Uncommon morphological variations have been shown. Spindle-shaped muscles have proved to have their tendons continued inside them. Palmaris longus muscle’s belly has proved to take significant amount of volume within the proximal forearm. Shaeffer’s test has shown to have 10% false-negative ratio.
Abstract
Background: The aim of this work was to describe morphology and morphometry of musculus palmaris longus and compare the outcome of Shaeffer’s test with ultrasound imaging.
Materials and methods: Forty forearms of 20 healthy volunteers (11 females, 9 males) were tested by Shaeffer’s test and ultrasound imaging. Anthropological measurements of the forearm and ultrasound guided measurements of musculus palmaris longus were taken. The outcome was tested for statistical significance
by Fisher’s test.
Results: The examination revealed agenesis of palmaris longus in 6 cases, as well as 6 muscles showing quality variations. The Shaeffer’s test gave 4 false-negative results. 28 muscles were described as spindle-shaped and 8 as pennated or bipennated. However, all the spindle-shaped muscles demonstrated a tendon going inside of the muscle’s belly ranging from 2 cm to 11.5 cm. The relation between the circumference of the forearm right below the elbow (mean: 15.38 cm, SD: 1.83 cm) and the approximated volume of the palmaris longus muscle’s belly
(mean: 4.72 cm3, SD: 1.57 cm3) proved to be statistically significant (Fisher’s test p-value < 0.05).
Conclusions: Uncommon morphological variations have been shown. Spindle-shaped muscles have proved to have their tendons continued inside them. Palmaris longus muscle’s belly has proved to take significant amount of volume within the proximal forearm. Shaeffer’s test has shown to have 10% false-negative ratio.
Keywords
variability; palmaris longus muscle; hand; wrist; forearm; Shaeffer’s test
About this articleTitle
The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans
Journal
Issue
Article type
Original article
Pages
509-513
Published online
2017-12-28
Page views
1185
Article views/downloads
1452
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2018;77(3):509-513.
Keywords
variability
palmaris longus muscle
hand
wrist
forearm
Shaeffer’s test
Authors
K. Dąbrowski
H. Stankiewicz-Jóźwicka
A. Kowalczyk
M. Markuszewski
B. Ciszek
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