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Effect of different glyphosate doses on the chemical coding of neurons of the enteric nervous system of the porcine descending colon
, 1, 2, 1
Affiliations- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract
Background: Neurons of the enteric nervous system are characterised by high neuronal plasticity, with their number likely to change in response to various endogenous and exogenous substances.
Materials and methods: Fifteen sexually immature gilts divided into 3 groups were used: control — animals receiving empty gelatin capsules; G1 — animals receiving a low dose of glyphosate — 0.05 mg/kg bw/day; G2 — animals receiving a higher dose of glyphosate—0.5 mg/kg/day in gelatin capsules orally for 28 days. Frozen sections were then subjected to the procedure of double immunofluorescent staining.
Results: With low-dose supplementation, no effect on the SP- and CART-positive neuron population was observed. However, a reduction in the number of VAChT-positive neurons in the internal submucosal plexus was described, while the number of CGRP-positive neurons increased in all enteric plexuses. In response to a high glyphosate dose, the quantitative variability of the neurons was significantly more pronounced than that for a low dose. There was an increase in the number of SP- and CGRP-positive neurons and a decrease in the number of VAChT-positive neurons in both the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexuses. The response of CART-positive neurons was the weakest, as a high dose of glyphosate led to an increase in the number of neurons only in the myenteric plexus.
Conclusions: The above data show that glyphosate is an exogenous substance that affects neuronal populations of the enteric nervous system, in this case, the descending colon.
Abstract
Background: Neurons of the enteric nervous system are characterised by high neuronal plasticity, with their number likely to change in response to various endogenous and exogenous substances.
Materials and methods: Fifteen sexually immature gilts divided into 3 groups were used: control — animals receiving empty gelatin capsules; G1 — animals receiving a low dose of glyphosate — 0.05 mg/kg bw/day; G2 — animals receiving a higher dose of glyphosate—0.5 mg/kg/day in gelatin capsules orally for 28 days. Frozen sections were then subjected to the procedure of double immunofluorescent staining.
Results: With low-dose supplementation, no effect on the SP- and CART-positive neuron population was observed. However, a reduction in the number of VAChT-positive neurons in the internal submucosal plexus was described, while the number of CGRP-positive neurons increased in all enteric plexuses. In response to a high glyphosate dose, the quantitative variability of the neurons was significantly more pronounced than that for a low dose. There was an increase in the number of SP- and CGRP-positive neurons and a decrease in the number of VAChT-positive neurons in both the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexuses. The response of CART-positive neurons was the weakest, as a high dose of glyphosate led to an increase in the number of neurons only in the myenteric plexus.
Conclusions: The above data show that glyphosate is an exogenous substance that affects neuronal populations of the enteric nervous system, in this case, the descending colon.
Keywords
glyphosate, enteric neurons, pig, descending colon, immunofluorescence
About this articleTitle
Effect of different glyphosate doses on the chemical coding of neurons of the enteric nervous system of the porcine descending colon
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Issue
Article type
Original article
Published online
2023-12-05
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DOI
Pubmed
Keywords
glyphosate
enteric neurons
pig
descending colon
immunofluorescence
Authors
Michał Bulc
Jarosław Całka
Barbara Jana
Katarzyna Palus
