Vol 63, No 4 (2004)
Original article
Submitted: 2012-02-06
Published online: 2004-09-16
Distribution of muscular bridges in the adult human heart
Adam Kosiński, Marek Grzybiak, Magdalena Skwarek, Jolanta Hreczecha
Folia Morphol 2004;63(4):491-498.
Vol 63, No 4 (2004)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Submitted: 2012-02-06
Published online: 2004-09-16
Abstract
Muscle bridges (MBs) are structures consisting of heart muscle tissue which pass
above the coronary arteries and their branches. Although there are a relatively
large number of descriptions of these MBs, researchers do not share a common
view of the frequency of their occurrence, their location and their morphology,
which remain the most controversial questions. The present research was carried
out on 300 human hearts, adults of both sexes (161 male and 139 female), of
between 21 and 76 years of age (mean age 48 years), in which no macroscopic
developmental failures had been found. The hearts were preserved in formalinethanol
solution. Selected coronary arteries were analysed. Images were examined
of the perpendicular dissection of the coronary arteries and their neighbouring
structures. On the basis of the analysis, the frequency of occurrence of MBs
was defined as 31.3%. Muscular bridges were observed most frequently over the
anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (RIA) and, more rarely,
over the right marginal branch of the left coronary artery (Rmd) and the circumflex
branch of the left coronary artery (RCX). Using as criteria the number of muscular
bridges in the heart and their location over particular coronary arteries, 4 types of
configuration were established. With reference to the RIA, most MBs were located
in the central part. We did not notice the same regularity with reference to
other coronary arteries, nor did we observe MBs over coronary veins.
Conclusions: muscular bridges are frequently observed structures in human hearts,
most often seen over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary
artery (RIA), mainly over its central segments, and occasionally over other arteries.
MBs may occur in the heart singly or in a greater number and are found over
the same or different vessels.
Abstract
Muscle bridges (MBs) are structures consisting of heart muscle tissue which pass
above the coronary arteries and their branches. Although there are a relatively
large number of descriptions of these MBs, researchers do not share a common
view of the frequency of their occurrence, their location and their morphology,
which remain the most controversial questions. The present research was carried
out on 300 human hearts, adults of both sexes (161 male and 139 female), of
between 21 and 76 years of age (mean age 48 years), in which no macroscopic
developmental failures had been found. The hearts were preserved in formalinethanol
solution. Selected coronary arteries were analysed. Images were examined
of the perpendicular dissection of the coronary arteries and their neighbouring
structures. On the basis of the analysis, the frequency of occurrence of MBs
was defined as 31.3%. Muscular bridges were observed most frequently over the
anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (RIA) and, more rarely,
over the right marginal branch of the left coronary artery (Rmd) and the circumflex
branch of the left coronary artery (RCX). Using as criteria the number of muscular
bridges in the heart and their location over particular coronary arteries, 4 types of
configuration were established. With reference to the RIA, most MBs were located
in the central part. We did not notice the same regularity with reference to
other coronary arteries, nor did we observe MBs over coronary veins.
Conclusions: muscular bridges are frequently observed structures in human hearts,
most often seen over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary
artery (RIA), mainly over its central segments, and occasionally over other arteries.
MBs may occur in the heart singly or in a greater number and are found over
the same or different vessels.
Keywords
muscular bridges; human heart; coronary arteries; morphology
Title
Distribution of muscular bridges in the adult human heart
Journal
Folia Morphologica
Issue
Vol 63, No 4 (2004)
Article type
Original article
Pages
491-498
Published online
2004-09-16
Page views
451
Article views/downloads
1187
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2004;63(4):491-498.
Keywords
muscular bridges
human heart
coronary arteries
morphology
Authors
Adam Kosiński
Marek Grzybiak
Magdalena Skwarek
Jolanta Hreczecha