Online first
Case report
Published online: 2024-05-23

open access

Page views 77
Article views/downloads 41
Get Citation

Connect on Social Media

Connect on Social Media

A bicaudatus sartorius muscle: a rare variant with potential clinical implications

George Tsakotos1, Łukasz Olewnik2, George Triantafyllou1, Georgi P Georgiev3, Nicol Zielinska2, Maria Piagkou1

Abstract

Background: Sartorius muscle (SM) belongs to the thigh anterior compartment musculature. It corresponds to the longest muscle of the human body, while its variations are described rarely. The current case reports aims to describe a distal bifurcation of the SM, forming the bicaudatus SM variant.

Materials and methods: An 84-year-old male cadaver was dissected for educational and research purposes at the Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

Results: On the left lower limb, the SM was typically originated from the anterior superior iliac spine. After 351.22 mm length, it was bifurcated into an anterior and posterior part. Both muscular parts were contributing to the pes anserinus morphology. Femoral nerve branches were providing innervation to the variant muscle, while the saphenous nerve and vein were coursed posteriorly to the variant muscle.

Conclusions: SM morphological variability is described quite rarely. The current case report corresponds to the bicaudatus SM variant. Accessory parts of SM could lead to compression symptoms to the femoral nerve anterior branches, as well as to the saphenous nerve.

Article available in PDF format

View PDF Download PDF file

References

  1. Bardeen C. Studies of the development of the human skeleton. (A). The development of the lumbab, sacbal and coccygeal vertebwe. (B). The cubves and the pbopobtionate regional lengths of the spinal column during the first thbee months of embbyonic developnent. (C). The development of the skeleton of the posterior limb. Am J Anat. 2005; 4(3): 265–302.
  2. Bergman RA, Afifi AK, Miyauchi R. Illustrated encyclopedia of human anatomic variation. Anatomy Atlas. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore 1988.
  3. Brock GSA. Two-Headed Sartorius. J Anat Physiol. 1879; 13(Pt 4): 578.
  4. Kim J, Lee JH. A unique case of an accessory sartorius muscle. Surg Radiol Anat. 2019; 41(3): 323–325.
  5. Macalister A. Additional observations on muscular anomalies in human anatomy. Trans R Ir Acad. 1875; 23: 1–134.
  6. MORI M. Statistics on the musculature of the Japanese. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1964; 40: 195–300.
  7. Natsis K, Koutserimpas C, Totlis T, et al. A biceps-bicaudatus sartorius muscle: dissection of a variant with possible clinical implications. Anat Cell Biol. 2024; 57(1): 143–146.
  8. Olewnik Ł, Gonera B, Podgórski M, et al. A proposal for a new classification of pes anserinus morphology. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019; 27(9): 2984–2993.
  9. Testut L. 1884. Les anomalies musculaires chez l’homme: expliquées par l’anatomie comparée leur importance en anthropologie. G. Masson, Paris 1884.
  10. Tubbs RS, Shoja M, Loukas M. Bergman’s Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation. John Wiley & sons, Inc, , Hoboken 2016.
  11. Zielinska N, Tubbs RS, Balcerzak A, et al. A very rare case report: accessory head of the sartorius muscle. Folia Morphol. 2024; 83(1): 244–249.